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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transplantologiya</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансплантология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0909</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO Association of Transplantologists</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23873/2074-0506-2025-17-2-138-156</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transplantologiya-1001</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ТРАНСПЛАНТОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ACTUAL ISSUES OF TRANSPLANTATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Функция почек у реципиентов печени: углубленный анализ данных Локального научного регистра трансплантаций Федерального медицинского биофизического центра им. А.И. Бурназяна</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Renal function in liver recipients: in-depth analysis of data from the Local Scientific Transplant Registry of the Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1561-6268</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сушков</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sushkov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Игоревич Сушков - д-р мед. наук, заведующий лабораторией новых хирургических технологий</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander I. Sushkov - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of Laboratory of New Surgical Technologies</p><p>23, Marshal Novikov St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sushkov.transpl@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3171-6621</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рудаков</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudakov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Сергеевич Рудаков - канд. мед. наук, врач хирург Центра хирургии и трансплантологии</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir S. Rudakov - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Surgeon, Surgery and Transplantation Center</p><p>23, Marshal Novikov St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6558-7143</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Васильевич Попов - канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории новых хирургических технологий, заведующий отделением рентгенохирургических методов диагностики и лечения</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maxim V. Popov - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Research Fellow, Laboratory of New Surgical Technologies; Head of Department of X-ray Surgical Methods of Diagnostics and Treatment, State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency</p><p>23, Marshal Novikov St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8977-0794</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калачян</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalachyan</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Альберт Эдикович Калачян - аспирант кафедры хирургии с курсами онкохирургии, эндоскопии, хирургической патологии, клинической трансплантологии и органного донорства Медико-биологического университета инноваций и непрерывного образования, лаборант лаборатории новых хирургических технологий ФГБУ ГНЦ ФМБЦ им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Albert E. Kalachyan - Graduate Student, Department of Surgery with courses of Oncology, Endoscopy, Surgical Pathology, Clinical Transplantation and Organ Donation, Medical and Biological University of Innovations and Continuing Education; Laboratory assistant researcher, Laboratory of New Surgical Technologies, State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency</p><p>23, Marshal Novikov St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9753-4345</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Найденов</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naydenov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Владимирович Найденов - канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории новых хирургических технологий, врач-хирург Центра хирургии и трансплантологии ФГБУ ГНЦ ФМБЦ им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny V. Naydenov - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Research Fellow, Laboratory of New Surgical Technologies; Surgeon, Surgery and Transplantation Center, State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency</p><p>23, Marshal Novikov St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-5945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артемьев</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemiev</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Игоревич Артемьев - канд. мед. наук, заведующий хирургическим отделением № 2 Центра хирургии и трансплантологии, доцент кафедры хирургии с курсами онкохирургии, эндоскопии, хирургической патологии, клинической трансплантологии и органного донорства Медико-биологического университета инноваций и непрерывного образования ФГБУ ГНЦ ФМБЦ им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey I. Artemiev - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of Surgical Department No. 2, Surgery and Transplantation Center; Associate Professor of the Department of Surgery with courses of Oncology, Endoscopy, Surgical Pathology, Clinical Transplantation and Organ Donation, Medical and Biological University of Innovations and Continuing Education, State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency</p><p>23, Marshal Novikov St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5691-5398</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Восканян</surname><given-names>С. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voskanyan</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Эдуардович Восканян - чл.-корр. РАН, проф., д-р мед. наук, заместитель главного врача по хирурги ческой помощи – руководитель Центра хирургии и трансплантологии, заведующий кафедрой хирургии с курсами онкохирургии, эндоскопии, хирургической патологии, клинической трансплантологии и органного донорства Медико-биологического университета инноваций и непрерывного образования ФГБУ ГНЦ ФМБЦ им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey E. Voskanyan - Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof., Dr. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Chief Physician for Surgical Care – Head of Surgery and Transplantation Center; Head of Department of Surgery with courses of Oncology, Endoscopy, Surgical Pathology, Clinical Transplantation and Organ Donation, Medical and Biological University of Innovations and Continuing Education, State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency</p><p>23, Marshal Novikov St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ ГНЦ ФМБЦ им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>138</fpage><lpage>156</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сушков А.И., Рудаков В.С., Попов М.В., Калачян А.Э., Найденов Е.В., Артемьев А.И., Восканян С.Э., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сушков А.И., Рудаков В.С., Попов М.В., Калачян А.Э., Найденов Е.В., Артемьев А.И., Восканян С.Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sushkov A.I., Rudakov V.S., Popov M.V., Kalachyan A.E., Naydenov E.V., Artemiev A.I., Voskanyan S.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/1001">https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/1001</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Нарушение почечной функции часто встречается у кандидатов на трансплантацию и реципиентов печени. Однако, несмотря на более чем 30-летний опыт выполнения в России операций по пересадке печени, эта проблема системно и на больших когортах пациентов не изучалась.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить распространенность и выраженность нарушений функции почек непосредственно перед трансплантацией печени (ТП), в течение первой послеоперационной недели, при выписке и спустя год после операции.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В одноцентровое регистровое исследование включены данные о 550 ТП от родственных (73%) и посмертных доноров (27%), выполненных последовательно в период с мая 2010 по июль 2024 года. Расчетную скорость клубочковой фильтрации (рСКФ) определяли по формуле 2021 CKD-EPI Creatinine. Острое почечное повреждение (ОПП) диагностировали и обозначали его стадию на основании критериев RIFLE в интервале от 12 часов до 7 дней после пересадки.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Медианные значения рСКФ непосредственно перед ТП (n=550), при выписке (n=472) и спустя год после операции (n=257) составили 107 (86;119), 103 (75;116) и 79 (62;100) мл/мин/1,73 м2, а доли пациентов с рСКФ – менее 60 мл/мин/1,73 м2: 7,1%, 12,7% и 22,2% соответственно. ОПП развилось после 33,0% операций, в том числе стадий RIFLE &gt; I – в 16,6% случаев. Методы заместительной почечной терапии были использованы после 7,3% ТП. При сочетании ОПП стадий RIFLE &gt; I и ранней дисфункции трансплантата (РДТ) 30-дневная выживаемость трансплантатов составила 26% [14–39%].</p><p>Возраст реципиента (ОР 1,07, p&lt;0,001), артериальная гипертензия (ОР 2,2, p=0,010), рСКФ &lt; 60 мл/мин/1,73 м2 при выписке (ОР 2,3, p=0,008), концентрация такролимуса в крови (ОР 1,18, p&lt;0,001) – независимые факторы риска рСКФ &lt; 60 мл/мин/1,73 м2 через год после ТП. Медианы убыли рСКФ в течение первого года после ТП при de novo назначении или конверсии иммуносупрессии на схемы с эверолимусом составили 11 и 23 мл/мин/1,73 м2 (p=0,115) и статистически значимо не отличались (p=0,485 и p=0,132 соответственно) от медианы снижения рСКФ среди пациентов, не получавших эверолимус – 13 мл/мин/1,73 м2. Пятилетняя выживаемость реципиентов с рСКФ &lt; 60 мл/мин/1,73 м2 через год после ТП составила 89,0%, при рСКФ &gt; 60 мл/мин/1,73 м2 – 88,7%, p=0,760.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Оценка почечной функции должна являться неотъемлемым компонентом наблюдения за пациентами в листе ожидания и после пересадки печени. Особого внимания требуют пациенты пожилого возраста, имеющие артериальную гипертензию, исходно сниженную рСКФ, посттрансплантационное ОПП &gt; I (особенно в сочетании с РДТ). Независимо от сроков после трансплантации следует избегать избыточной экспозиции ингибиторов кальциневрина (концентрации такролимуса &gt; 10 нг/мл), при необходимости используя комбинации с микофенолатами или эверолимусом.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Renal dysfunction is common in liver transplant candidates and recipients. However, despite more than 30 years of experience with liver transplantation in Russia, this problem has not been systematically studied in large cohorts of patients.</p><p>The objective was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of renal dysfunction before liver transplantation (LT), during the first postoperative week, at discharge, and one year after surgery.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. A single-center registry study included data on 550 LTs from living (73%) and deceased (27%) donors performed consecutively between May 2010 and July 2024. Estimated Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the 2021 CKD-EPI Creatinine formula. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was diagnosed and staged according to RIFLE criteria between 12 hours and day 7 after LT.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The median eGFR before LT (n=550), at discharge (n=472) and one year after surgery (n=257) were 107 (86;119), 103 (75;116) and 79 (62;100) mL/min/1.73 m2, and the proportions of patients with eGFR &lt; 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were 7.1%, 12.7%, and 22.2%, respectively. AKI complicated 33.0% of LTs, including 16.6% cases with RIFLE &gt; I. Renal replacement therapy was used in 7.3% recipients. For the combination of AKI RIFLE &gt; I and early allograft dysfunction (EAD), the 30-day graft survival was 26%, 95%CI: [14–39%].</p><p>Recipient age (Hazard ratio (HR) 1.07, p&lt;0.001), arterial hypertension (HR 2.2, p=0.010), eGFR at discharge &lt; 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and tacrolimus trough level (HR 1.18, p&lt;0.001) were independent risk factors for eGFR &lt; 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 one year after LT. The medians of eGFR decline during the first year after LT in cases of de novo administration or conversion to everolimus-based regimens were 11 and 23 mL/min/1.73 m2 (p=0.115) and were not significantly different from the median eGFR decline among recipients never receiving everolimus: p=0.485 and p=0.132, respectively. Five-year survival of recipients with eGFR &lt; 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at one year after LT was 89.0%, while for eGFR &gt; 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, it was 88.7%, p=0.760.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Renal function assessment should be an obligatory part of the follow-up of patients on the waiting list and after LT. Particular attention should be paid to elderly patients, with arterial hypertension, reduced baseline eGFR, post-LT AKI RIFLE &gt; I (especially in combination with EAD). Irrespective of the time after LT, excessive exposure to calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus trough level &gt; 10 ng/mL) should be avoided, using combinations with mycophenolates or everolimus if necessary.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация печени</kwd><kwd>скорость клубочковой фильтрации</kwd><kwd>острое повреждение почек</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>такролимус</kwd><kwd>эверолимус</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>liver transplantation</kwd><kwd>glomerular filtration rate</kwd><kwd>acute kidney injury</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>tacrolimus</kwd><kwd>everolimus</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено в рамках научно-исследовательской работы «Идентификация и управление факторами, определяющими отдаленные результаты трансплантации печени взрослым пациентам» (ЕГИСУ НИОКТР: 124032000128-9), выполняемой по государственному заданию Федерального медико-биологического агентства</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted within the framework of the Research Project ‘Identification and management of factors determining the long-term outcomes of liver transplantation in adult patients’ (USIRS R&amp;D: 124032000128-9), which is funded by the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Константинов Б.А., Ерамишанцев А.К., Готье С.В., Цирульникова О.М., Скипенко О.Г., Лебезев В.М. и др. 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