transplantologiyaТрансплантологияTransplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation2074-05062542-0909IPO Association of Transplantologists10.23873/2074-0506-2025-17-4-504-514transplantologiya-1050Research ArticleОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEW ARTICLES AND LECTURESПерспективы реконструктивной хирургии пищевода: тканевая инженерия или протезирование?Perspectives for esophageal reconstructive surgery: tissue engineering or prosthetics?https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7314-0475АллахвердянА. С.AllakhverdyanA. S.

Аллахвердян Александр Сергеевич - проф., д-р мед. наук, заведующий кафедрой торакальной хирургии и руководитель университетской клиники торакальной хирургии.

127006, Москва, Долгоруковская ул., д. 4

Alexander S. Allakhverdyan - Prof., Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department and University Clinic of Thoracic Surgery, Russian University of Medicine.

4 Dolgorukovskaya St., Moscow 127006

allakhverdyan@yandex.ruФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» МЗ РФРоссияRussian University of MedicineRussian Federation202511122025174504514Copyright © Аллахвердян А.С., 20252025Аллахвердян А.С.Allakhverdyan A.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/1050Введение

Введение. При заболеваниях пищевода часто выполняют операции по его резекции или полному удалению с пластическим восстановлением желудком или кишечником, что сопряжено с различными осложнениями непосредственно после операции и в отдаленном периоде (некроз трансплантата, стенозы, анастомозит, рецидивы и т.д.). Замена собственного пищевода на имплантат – перспективный метод решения актуальной проблемы хирургии пищевода.

Цель данного обзора – обобщение знаний и описание текущего состояния исследований по созданию искусственного пищевода.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. В обзор включены иностранные и отечественные публикации по данной теме. Были проанализированы научные работы, найденные в электронных библиотеках eLIBRARY, Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek, the Cochrane Library и PubMed на трех языках: русском, английском и немецком.

Заключение

Заключение. Анализируемые публикации отражают два основных пути решения проблемы: разработка протезов на основе искусственных тканей и биоинженерное восстановление пищевода. Создание биоинженерного пищеводного трансплантата возможно за счет объединения каркаса и клеточного компонента. Чтобы использование биоинженерного неоэзофагуса стало эффективным методом при лечении заболеваний пищевода, необходимо решить вопросы, связанные с его подвижностью, васкуляризацией, межклеточным взаимодействием и взаимодействием клеток с каркасом. В этом отношении создание бионического протеза пищевода с контролируемой двигательной функцией – возможный путь решения проблемы. Современные синтетические материалы и технологии позволяют создать все компоненты стенки пищевода. В настоящее время обозначенная проблема все еще находится на стадии разработки и экспериментов.

Introduction

Introduction. In diseases of the esophagus, operations are often performed to resect or completely remove it with plastic restoration with the stomach or intestine, which is associated with various complications immediately after surgery and in the late period (graft necrosis, stenosis, anastomositis, recurrence of the diseases, etc.). Replacing one's own esophagus with an implant is a promising method for solving the urgent problem of esophageal surgery.

The purpose of this review is to summarize knowledge and describe the current state of research on the creation of an artificial esophagus.

Material and methods

Material and methods. The review includes foreign and domestic publications on this topic. /cientific papers found in the electronic libraries eLIBRARY, Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek, the Cochrane Library and PubMed in three languages: Russian, English and German were analyzed.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The analyzed publications reflect two main ways to solve the problem: the development of prostheses based on artificial tissues and bioengineering restoration of the esophagus. The creation of a bioengineered esophageal transplant is possible due to the combination of a framework and a cellular component. In order for the use of a bioengineered neoesophagus to become an effective method for treating esophageal diseases, it is necessary to solve issues related to its mobility, vascularization, intercellular interaction and interaction of cells with the framework. In this regard, the creation of a bionic esophageal prosthesis with controlled motor function is a possible solution to the problem. Modern synthetic materials and technologies make it possible to create all components of the esophageal wall. At present, the indicated problem is still at the stage of development and experiments.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.