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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transplantologiya</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансплантология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0909</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO Association of Transplantologists</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23873/2074-0506-2025-17-4-479-493</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transplantologiya-1057</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности применения биомаркеров сепсиса после трансплантации печени</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of the use of sepsis biomarkers after liver transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6362-7914</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новрузбеков</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novruzbekov</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новрузбеков Мурад Сафтарович - д-р мед. наук, заведующий научным отделением трансплантации печени ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»; и.о. заведующего кафедры трансплантологии и искусственных органов им. В.П. Демихова МБФ ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова МЗ РФ (Пироговский Университет); руководитель научного отдела трансплантации органов и тканей ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» МЗ РФ.</p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3; 117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1; 115522, Москва, Каширское ш., д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Murad S. Novruzbekov - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Scientific Department of Liver Transplantation, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine; Acting Head of the V.P. Demikhov Department of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov University); Head of the Scientific Department of Organ and Tissue Transplantation, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology.</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090; 1 Ostrovityanov St., Moscow 117997; 23 Kashirskoye Hwy., Moscow 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">novruzbekovms@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1396-7048</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балкаров</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balkarov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Балкаров Аслан Галиевич - канд. мед. наук, заведующий научным отделением трансплантации почки и поджелудочной железы ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»; доцент кафедры трансплантологии и искусственных органов им. В.П. Демихова МБФ ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова МЗ РФ (Пироговский Университет).</p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3; 117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aslan G. Balkarov - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Scientific Department of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine; Associate Professor of the V.P. Demikhov Department of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov University).</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090; 1 Ostrovityanov St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">balkarovag@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3349-0451</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клычникова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klychnikova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клычникова Елена Валерьевна - канд. мед. наук, заведующая научной клинико-биохимической лабораторией экстренных методов исследования ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»; доцент кафедры общей патологии Института биомедицины (МБФ) ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова МЗ РФ (Пироговский Университет).</p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3; 117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Klychnikova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Scientific Clinical and Biochemical Laboratory of Emergency Research Methods, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine; Associate Professor of the Department of General Pathology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov University).</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090; 1 Ostrovityanov St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klychnikovaev@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5731-3310</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитриев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitriev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитриев Илья Викторович - д-р мед. наук, заведующий отделением трансплантации почки и поджелудочной железы ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»; доцент кафедры трансплантологии и искусственных органов им. В.П. Демихова МБФ ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова МЗ РФ (Пироговский Университет).</p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3; 117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya V. Dmitriev - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine; Associate Professor of the V.P. Demikhov Department of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov University).</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090; 1 Ostrovityanov St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmitrieviv@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5889-8675</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яремин</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yaremin</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яремин Борис Иванович - доц., канд. мед. наук, врач хирург отделения трансплантации печени ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»; доцент кафедры трансплантологии и искусственных органов им. В.П. Демихова МБФ ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова МЗ РФ (Пироговский Университет); заведующий отделением донорства органов и тканей ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» МЗ РФ.</p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3; 117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1; 115522, Москва, Каширское ш., д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris I. Yaremin - Assoc. Prof., Cand. Sci. (Med.), Surgeon of the Department of Liver Transplantation, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine; Associate Professor of the V.P. Demikhov Department of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov University); Head of the Organ and Tissue Donation Department, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology.</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090; 1 Ostrovityanov St., Moscow 117997; 23 Kashirskoye Hwy., Moscow 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yareminbi@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0241-1298</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аносова</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anosova</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аносова Екатерина Юрьевна - врач клинический ординатор отделения трансплантации печени ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»; старший лаборант кафедры трансплантологии и искусственных органов им. В.П. Демихова МБФ ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова МЗ РФ (Пироговский Университет).</p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3; 117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina Yu. Anosova - Clinical Resident of the Department of Liver Transplantation, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine; Senior Laboratory Assistant of the V.P. Demikhov Department of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov University).</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090; 1 Ostrovityanov St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anosova.kate@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7255-2421</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахметзянова</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmetzyanova</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ахметзянова Алсу Рустамовна - студентка 3-го курса лечебного дела Института клинической медицины.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alsu R. Akhmetzyanova - 3rd year Student of the Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov University).</p><p>1 Ostrovityanov St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»; ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова МЗ РФ (Пироговский Университет); ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine; N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov University); N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»; ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова МЗ РФ (Пироговский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine; N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова МЗ РФ (Пироговский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>479</fpage><lpage>493</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Новрузбеков М.С., Балкаров А.Г., Клычникова Е.В., Дмитриев И.В., Яремин Б.И., Аносова Е.Ю., Ахметзянова А.Р., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Новрузбеков М.С., Балкаров А.Г., Клычникова Е.В., Дмитриев И.В., Яремин Б.И., Аносова Е.Ю., Ахметзянова А.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Novruzbekov M.S., Balkarov A.G., Klychnikova E.V., Dmitriev I.V., Yaremin B.I., Anosova E.Y., Akhmetzyanova A.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/1057">https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/1057</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Трансплантация печени является единственным радикальным методом лечения терминальной стадии заболеваний печени, однако послеоперационные инфекционные осложнения, в частности, сепсис, существенно ухудшают прогноз и повышают летальность. Сепсис после трансплантации печени развивается у 20–40% реципиентов и ассоциирован с высокой летальностью (до 50%), что обусловлено иммуносупрессивной терапией, хирургической травмой и исходной тяжестью состояния пациента.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Представить обзор литературы по использованию биомаркеров сепсиса после трансплантации печени.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведен анализ научных публикаций в базах данных PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline за период 2015–2025 годов по теме биомаркеров сепсиса после трансплантации печени.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Определены и систематизированы основные группы биомаркеров сепсиса после трансплантации печени: иммунологические (T-клеточная клональность, sTREM-1, presepsin, цитокины), биохимические (прокальцитонин – ПКТ, гиалуроновая кислота – ГК, билирубин, международное нормализованное отношение – МНО), гематологические (нейтрофильно-лимфоцитарное соотношение, тромбоциты), генетические и эпигенетические (микроРНК, длинные некодирующие РНК). Проанализированы комбинированные алгоритмы прогнозирования сепсиса с использованием клинических шкал (SOFA, MELD) и методов машинного обучения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Современные данные свидетельствуют о значительном прогностическом потенциале биомаркеров сепсиса после трансплантации печени. Наиболее перспективным направлением является комбинация иммунологических (T-клеточная клональность, sTREM-1) и биохимических (ПКТ, ГК) маркеров, интеграция традиционных шкал (SOFA, MELD) с алгоритмами машинного обучения, а также использование генетических и эпигенетических маркеров для персонализированного подхода. Внедрение этих подходов в клиническую практику позволит существенно улучшить исходы у реципиентов печени за счет ранней диагностики сепсиса, своевременного начала терапии и персонализированного иммуносупрессивного лечения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Liver transplantation is the only radical treatment for end-stage liver diseases; however, postoperative infectious complications, particularly sepsis, significantly worsen prognosis and increase mortality. Sepsis after liver transplantation develops in 20–40% of recipients and is associated with high mortality (up to 50%), which is caused by immunosuppressive therapy, surgical trauma, and the baseline severity of the patient's condition.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To provide a literature review on sepsis biomarkers after liver transplantation.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Analysis of scientific publications in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline databases for the period 2015–2025 on the topic of sepsis biomarkers after liver transplantation.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The main groups of sepsis biomarkers after liver transplantation were identified and systematized: immunological (T-cell clonality, sTREM-1, presepsin, cytokines), biochemical (procalcitonin, hyaluronic acid, bilirubin, INR), hematological (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelets), genetic and epigenetic (microRNA, long non-coding RNA). Combined prediction algorithms using clinical scales (SOFA, MELD) and machine learning methods were analyzed.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Current data indicates significant prognostic potential of sepsis biomarkers after liver transplantation. The most promising direction is the combination of immunological (T-cell clonality, sTREM-1) and biochemical (PCT, HA) markers, integration of traditional scales (SOFA, MELD) with machine learning algorithms, and the use of genetic and epigenetic markers for a personalized approach. Implementation of these approaches in clinical practice will significantly improve outcomes in liver recipients through early diagnosis of sepsis, timely initiation of therapy, and personalized immunosuppressive treatment.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация печени</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры сепсиса</kwd><kwd>применение биомаркеров</kwd><kwd>сепсис после трансплантации печени</kwd><kwd>осложнения трансплантации печени</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>liver transplantation</kwd><kwd>sepsis biomarkers</kwd><kwd>biomarker application</kwd><kwd>sepsis after liver transplantation</kwd><kwd>liver transplantation complications</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jones SL, Moore LW, Li XC, Mobley CM, Fields PA, Graviss EA, et al. 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