Введение

transplantologiya

Трансплантология

Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation

2074-05062542-0909

IPO Association of Transplantologists

10.23873/2074-0506-2026-18-2-234-242

transplantologiya-1099

Research Article

ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ И ЛЕКЦИИ

REVIEW ARTICLES AND LECTURES

Перспективы применения микроРНК в качестве биомаркера для оценки качества трансплантатов почки и печени

Perspectives of application of microRNA as a biomarker for assessing the quality of kidney and liver transplants

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2958-0016

Пирожков

И. А.

Pirozhkov

I. A.

Иван Александрович Пирожков, канд. мед. наук, врач клинической лабораторной диагностики Городской лаборатории иммуногенетики и серологической диагностики, 60% – написание статьи, поиск в базах данных, работа с литературными источниками

192242, Санкт-Петербург, Будапештская ул., д. 3, лит. А

Ivan A. Pirozhkov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Physician of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, the City Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Serological Diagnostics, 60%, writing the text of the article, database searches, reviewing literature sources

3 Budapeshtskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 192242

ipir@mail.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7549-682X

Малышев

М. Е.

Malyshev

M. E.

Михаил Евгеньевич Малышев, д-р биол. наук, заведующий Городской лабораторией иммуногенетики и серологической диагностики; профессор факультета стоматологии и передовых медицинских технологий, 20% – поиск в базах данных, работа с литературными источниками, редактирование

192242, Санкт-Петербург, Будапештская ул., д. 3, лит. А

199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., д. 7-9

Mikhail E. Malyshev, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Head of the City Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Serological Diagnostics; Professor of the Faculty of Dentistry and Advanced Medical Technologies, 20%, database searches, reviewing literature, editing

3 Budapeshtskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 192242;

7–9 Universitetskaya Emb., Saint-Petersburg 1990345

malyshev1972@yandex.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6223-4043

Кутенков

А. А.

Kutenkov

A. A.

Алексей Анатольевич Кутенков, руководитель отдела трансплантологии и органного донорства, 20% – поиск в базах данных, работа с литературными источниками, редактирование

192242, Санкт-Петербург, Будапештская ул., д. 3, лит. А

Aleksey A. Kutenkov, Head of the Department of Transplantology and Organ Donation, 20%, database searches, reviewing literature, editing

3 Budapeshtskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 192242

alexqut@gmail.com

ГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский НИИ скорой помощи им. И.И. Джанелидзе»РоссияSaint-Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency MedicineRussian Federation

ГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский НИИ скорой помощи им. И.И. Джанелидзе», ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»РоссияSaint-Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine, Saint-Petersburg State UniversityRussian Federation

2026

06062026

182234242

2026

Пирожков И.А., Малышев М.Е., Кутенков А.А.

Pirozhkov I.A., Malyshev M.E., Kutenkov A.A.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/1099

Введение

Введение. Качество донорских органов является критически важным для сохранения текущей и отдаленной функции трансплантата. Более эффективные и диагностически значимые инструменты для определения качества пересаживаемого органа помогут оптимизировать посттрансплантационный мониторинг, выбрать верную клиническую тактику ведения пациента и увеличить срок выживаемости трансплантата. В качестве подобных инструментов могут быть использованы микроРНК для ранней неинвазивной диагностики жизнеспособности донорского органа. Циркулирующие микроРНК обнаруживаются в различных биологических жидкостях, они достаточно стабильны и обладают тканеспецифичностью. Кроме того, в настоящее время доступны точные лабораторные методы для анализирования экспрессии специфичных микроРНК.

Цель

Цель. Выявление прогностического значения микроРНК у реципиентов почки или печени для анализа состояния донорского органа в предтрансплантационном периоде.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. В представленной работе освещены результаты проведенных исследований по идентификации специфичных микроРНК для оценки качества донорского органа. Для анализа и структурирования литературных данных проводился поиск в электронных базах данных MIRBase, PubMed, MedLine, eLIBRARY, Google Scholar за период с 1995 по 2025 год. В настоящий обзор включены 60 публикаций из российских и зарубежных иностранных источников.

Заключение

Заключение. Известные в настоящее время научные данные подтверждают возможность и перспективность применения микроРНК в качестве биомаркеров. Необходимо проведение дальнейших исследований для разработки и оптимизации диагностического алгоритма при органной трансплантации.

Introduction

Introduction. Donor organ quality is critical for maintaining current and long-term graft function. More effective and diagnostically relevant tools for assessing the quality of a donor organ under transplantation will help optimize posttransplant monitoring, select appropriate clinical management strategies, and increase graft survival. MiRNAs can be used as such tools for early, non-invasive diagnosis of donor organ viability. Circulating miRNAs are found in various biological fluids; they are relatively stable and tissue-specific. Furthermore, precise laboratory methods for analyzing the expression of specific miRNAs are now available.

Objective

Objective. The aim of the review is to identify the prognostic value of microRNA in kidney or liver transplant recipients for the analysis of the donor organ status in the pre-transplant period.

Material and methods

Material and methods. This paper presents the results of studies identifying specific microRNAs for assessing donor organ quality. To analyze and structurize the literature, we searched the electronic databases MIRBase, PubMed, MedLine, eLIBRARY, and Google Scholar for the period from 1995 to 2025. This review includes 60 publications from Russian and international sources.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Current scientific data confirm the feasibility and potential of using microRNAs as biomarkers. Further research is needed to develop and optimize a diagnostic algorithm for organ transplantation.

микроРНКкачество органовтрансплантация почки и печени

microRNAorgan qualitykidney and liver transplantation

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.