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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transplantologiya</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансплантология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0909</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO Association of Transplantologists</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23873/2074-0506-2026-18-2-243-256</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transplantologiya-1100</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы риска и патогенез злокачественных новообразований у реципиентов почечного трансплантата</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk factors and pathogenesis of malignant neoplasms in kidney transplant recipients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-0539</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трушкин</surname><given-names>Р. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trushkin</surname><given-names>R. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Руслан Николаевич Трушкин, проф., д-р мед. наук, заведующий отделением урологии</p><p>123182, Москва, Пехотная ул., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ruslan N. Trushkin, Prof., Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Urological Department</p><p>3 Pekhotnaya St., Moscow 123182</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3462-8616</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаев</surname><given-names>Т. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Isaev</surname><given-names>T. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Теймур Карибович Исаев, д-р мед. наук, врач уролог урологического отделения</p><p>123182, Москва, Пехотная ул., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Teymur K. Isaev, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Urologist, Urology Department</p><p>3 Pekhotnaya St., Moscow 123182</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0302-0428</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Александрович Соколов, канд. мед. наук, врач уролог отделения онкоурологии</p><p>121359, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, д. 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Sokolov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Urologist, Oncourology Department</p><p>15 Marshal Timoshenko St., Moscow 121359</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">salexdoc@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7016-2360</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Александрович Соколов, врач уролог урологического отделения</p><p>123182, Москва, Пехотная ул., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Sokolov, Urologist, Urology Department</p><p>3 Pekhotnaya St., Moscow 123182</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский клинический научно-исследовательский центр Больница № 52 ДЗМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Clinical Research Center Hospital № 52</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Центральная клиническая больница с поликлиникой» Управления делами Президента РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Clinical Hospital with a Polyclinic of the Administrative Directorate of the President of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>243</fpage><lpage>256</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Трушкин Р.Н., Исаев Т.К., Соколов А.А., Соколов С.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Трушкин Р.Н., Исаев Т.К., Соколов А.А., Соколов С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trushkin R.N., Isaev T.K., Sokolov A.A., Sokolov S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/1100">https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/1100</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. У реципиентов почечного трансплантата значительно увеличен риск возникновения злокачественных новообразований по сравнению с общей популяцией. При этом реципиенты, проживающие в разных регионах планеты, имеют различия в частоте и структуре онкозаболеваемости.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Определить значимость факторов риска и патогенез злокачественных новообразований у реципиентов почечного трансплантата.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Основой исследования послужили материалы из российских и международных баз данных, включая PubMed, Scopus, eLIBRARY.RU, CyberLeninka, Google Scholar, Web of Science с использованием поисковых запросов: «трансплантированная почка», «злокачественные новообразования», «патогенез», «факторы риска». Из первоначально отобранных 154 публикаций были выбраны 60 наиболее релевантных работ за 2020–2025 годы.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Реципиенты почечного трансплантата подвержены повышенному риску возникновения злокачественных новообразований, что связано с действием специфических факторов онкогенеза, которые отсутствуют в общей популяции. Данные факторы условно разделяются на три группы: донор-обусловленные, реципиент-обусловленные и ассоциированные с трансплантацией почки. Помимо прочего, присутствуют дополнительные факторы, ассоциированные с развитием посттрансплантационного рака, присущие для определенных регионов проживания, что обуславливает различную структуру заболеваемости. Понимание особенностей факторов риска и патогенеза, свойственных для реципиентов почечного трансплантата конкретной популяции, может позволить выделить группы риска и разработать региональные программы скрининга на злокачественные новообразования.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Kidney transplant recipients have a significantly increased risk of developing malignancies compared with the general population. Moreover, recipients living in different regions of the world have different rates and patterns of cancer incidence.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To determine the characteristics of risk factors and pathogenesis of malignant neoplasms in kidney transplant recipients.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study was based on materials from Russian and international databases, including PubMed, Scopus, eLIBRARY.RU, CyberLeninka, Google Scholar, Web of Science, using the search queries «transplanted kidney,» «malignant neoplasms,» «pathogenesis,» and «risk factors.» From the initial selection of 154 publications, 60 of the most relevant studies from 2020–2025 were selected.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Kidney transplant recipients are at increased risk of developing malignancies due to specific oncogenic factors absent in the general population. These factors are conventionally divided into three groups: donor-related, recipient-related, and kidney transplant-associated. Furthermore, there are additional factors associated with the development of post-transplant cancer that are specific to certain regions of residence, leading to different patterns of incidence. Understanding the risk factors and pathogenesis specific to renal transplant recipients in a specific population may allow for the identification of risk groups and the development of regional malignancy screening programs.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантированная почка</kwd><kwd>злокачественные новообразования</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transplanted kidney</kwd><kwd>malignant neoplasms</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ciesielski W, Frąk W, Gmitrzuk J, Kuczyński P, Klimczak T, Durczyński A, et al. The assesement of the longterm effects of kidney transplantation, including the incidence of malignant tumors, in recipients operated on between 2006 and 2015 – a cohort study and literature review. 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