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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transplantologiya</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансплантология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0909</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO Association of Transplantologists</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23873/2074-0506-2026-18-2-257-271</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transplantologiya-1102</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трансплантация тонкой кишки: современные достижения и проблемы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Small bowel transplantation: current achievements and challenges</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0746-1884</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хубутия</surname><given-names>М. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khubutiya</surname><given-names>M. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Могели Шалвович Хубутия, акад. РАН, проф., д-р мед. наук, президент</p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mogeli Sh. Khubutiya, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof., Dr. Sci. (Med.), President</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khubutiyams@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1687-1308</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цулеискири</surname><given-names>Б. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsuleiskiry</surname><given-names>B. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бакур Темурович Цулеискири, канд. мед. наук, заведующий хирургическим отделением; доцент кафедры неотложной и общей хирургии им. проф. А.С. Ермолова</p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3;</p><p>125993, Москва, Баррикадная ул., д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bakur T. Tsuleiskiri, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Surgical Department; Associate Professor of the Department of Emergency and General Surgery n.a. Prof. A.S. Ermolov</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090;</p><p>2/1 Bldg. 1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tsuleiskiribt@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1270-5414</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ярцев</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yartsev</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петр Андреевич Ярцев, проф., д-р мед. наук, руководитель отдела неотложной хирургии, эндоскопии и интенсивной терапии; профессор кафедры неотложной и общей хирургии им. проф. А.С. Ермолова</p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3;</p><p>125993, Москва, Баррикадная ул., д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petr A. Yartsev, Prof., Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Emergency Surgery, Endoscopy, and Intensive Care; Professor of the Department of Emergency and General Surgery n.a. Prof. A.S. Ermolov</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090;</p><p>2/1 Bldg. 1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yartsevpa@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3766-4674</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаврина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shavrina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Викторовна Шаврина, канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела неотложной хирургии, эндоскопии и интенсивной терапии, врач отделения ультразвуковой диагностики</p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya V. Shavrina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Department of Emergency Surgery, Endoscopy, and Intensive Care, Physician, Ultrasound Diagnostics Department</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shavrinanv@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1594-1072</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гасанова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gasanova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Салихат Абдулгаджиевна Гасанова, врач хирургического отделения</p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Salikhat A. Gasanova, Physician, Surgical Department</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gasanovasa@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6774-9967</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саджая</surname><given-names>Ю. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sadzhaya</surname><given-names>Yu. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Константинович Саджая, врач хирургического отделения</p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuriy K. Sadzhaya, Physician, Surgical Department</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sadzhayayk@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-2260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рейтер</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reiter</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктория Дмитриевна Рейтер, ординатор кафедры неотложной и общей хирургии им. проф. А.С. Ермолова</p><p>125993, Москва, Баррикадная ул., д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktoriya D. Reyter, Resident of the Department of Emergency and General Surgery n.a. Prof. A.S. Ermolov</p><p>2/1 Bldg. 1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akivr20@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»; ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>257</fpage><lpage>271</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хубутия М.Ш., Цулеискири Б.Т., Ярцев П.А., Шаврина Н.В., Гасанова С.А., Саджая Ю.К., Рейтер В.Д., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хубутия М.Ш., Цулеискири Б.Т., Ярцев П.А., Шаврина Н.В., Гасанова С.А., Саджая Ю.К., Рейтер В.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khubutiya M.S., Tsuleiskiry B.T., Yartsev P.A., Shavrina N.V., Gasanova S.A., Sadzhaya Y.K., Reiter V.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/1102">https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/1102</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Трансплантация тонкой кишки (ТТК) за последние пять лет претерпела значительные изменения, превратившись из экспериментальной процедуры в жизненно важный стандарт лечения пациентов с необратимой хронической кишечной недостаточностью. Анализ данных Международного регистра трансплантации кишечника подтверждает постепенное сокращение числа операций в связи с улучшением альтернативных методов лечения, однако ТТК остается единственным шансом на выживание для пациентов с опасными для жизни осложнениями парентерального питания.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Обобщение знаний и описание текущего статуса развития направления трансплантации тонкой кишки. В обзоре представлены ключевые аспекты современной ТТК: эпидемиология, диагностические критерии, показания к трансплантации, схемы иммуносупрессии и возможные осложнения. Особое внимание уделяется улучшению выживаемости, сохраняющимся проблемам хронического отторжения, а также новым подходам и направлениям.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Обзор основан на анализе научной литературы за период с 2010 по 2025 год, включая клинические руководства, метаанализы, рандомизированные контролируемые исследования и крупные регистровые данные. Учтены как зарубежные, так и российские публикации.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Клиническая ТТК остается сложной и развивающейся областью медицины. Продолжающиеся исследования и технологические достижения будут формировать ее будущее. Значительные успехи уже были достигнуты в консервативном и хирургическом лечении пациентов, получающих кишечный трансплантат. Показатели выживаемости теперь аналогичны показателям при использовании домашнего парентерального питания, поэтому трансплантация кишечника должна быть рассмотрена, по крайней мере, для всех пациентов с необратимой кишечной недостаточностью.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Over the past five years, small bowel transplantation (SBT) has undergone significant changes, evolving from an experimental procedure into a life-saving standard of care for patients with irreversible chronic intestinal failure. Analysis of data from the International Intestinal Transplant Registry (IITR) confirms a gradual decline in the number of procedures performed, attributable to improvements in alternative treatment modalities. Nevertheless, SBT remains the only chance for survival in patients with life-threatening complications of parenteral nutrition.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge and describe the present status of small bowel transplantation. Specifically, the review covers key aspects of modern SBT, including epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, indications for transplantation, immunosuppression regimens, and potential complications. Particular attention is paid to improved survival outcomes, persistent challenges related to chronic rejection, as well as novel approaches and emerging directions in the field.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The review is based on an analysis of scientific literature published between 2010 and 2025, including clinical guidelines, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and major registry datasets. Both international and Russian publications were taken into account.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Clinical small bowel transplantation remains a complex and evolving field of medicine. Ongoing research and technological advances will continue to shape its future. Significant progress has already been achieved in both conservative and surgical management of transplant recipients. Survival rates are now comparable to those observed with long-term home parenteral nutrition; therefore, intestinal transplantation should be considered for all patients with irreversible intestinal failure.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация тонкой кишки</kwd><kwd>хроническая кишечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>парентеральное питание</kwd><kwd>иммуносупрессия</kwd><kwd>мультивисцеральная трансплантация</kwd><kwd>посттрансплантационные осложнения</kwd><kwd>кишечная автономия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>intestinal transplantation</kwd><kwd>chronic intestinal failure</kwd><kwd>parenteral nutrition</kwd><kwd>immunosuppression</kwd><kwd>multivisceral transplantation</kwd><kwd>post-transplant complications</kwd><kwd>intestinal autonomy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pironi L, Cuerda C, Jeppesen PB, Joly F, Jonkers C, Krznarić Ž, et al. 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