<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transplantologiya</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансплантология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0909</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO Association of Transplantologists</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23873/2074-0506-2012-0-3-42-48</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transplantologiya-350</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблема системного кандидоза после трансплантации солидных органов. Обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The problem of systemic candidosis after transplantation of solid organs. Review of the literature</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Журавель</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuravel</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Владимирович Журавель</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sjuravel@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чугунов</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chugunov</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черненькая</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernenkaya</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ СП им. Н.В. Склифосовского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Emergency Care by name Sclifosovsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>08</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Журавель С.В., Чугунов А.О., Черненькая Т.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Журавель С.В., Чугунов А.О., Черненькая Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhuravel S.V., Chugunov A.O., Chernenkaya T.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/350">https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/350</self-uri><abstract><p>Описаны современные взгляды на эпидемиологию, диагностику и лечение кандидоза при трансплантации органов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents current views on the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of candidosis with organ transplantation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кандидоз</kwd><kwd>трансплантация органов</kwd><kwd>эхинокандины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>сandida</kwd><kwd>organ transplantation</kwd><kwd>echinocandins</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Invasive fungal infections among organ transplant recipients: results of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET) / P.G. Pappas [et al.] // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 2010. – Vol. 50 (8). –P. 1101–1111.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Invasive fungal infections among organ transplant recipients: results of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET) / P.G. Pappas [et al.] // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 2010. – Vol. 50 (8). –P. 1101–1111.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Epidemiology and outcome of invasive fungal infections in solid organ transplant recipients / D. Neofytos [et al.] // Transplant. Infect. Dis. – 2010. – Vol. 12 (3). –P. 220–229.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Epidemiology and outcome of invasive fungal infections in solid organ transplant recipients / D. Neofytos [et al.] // Transplant. Infect. Dis. – 2010. – Vol. 12 (3). –P. 220–229.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Invasive non-aspergillus mold infections in transplant recipients, United States 2001–2006 / B. J. Park [et al.] // Emerg. Infect. Dis. – 2011. – Vol. 17 (10). – P. 1855–1864.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Invasive non-aspergillus mold infections in transplant recipients, United States 2001–2006 / B. J. Park [et al.] // Emerg. Infect. Dis. – 2011. – Vol. 17 (10). – P. 1855–1864.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fishman, J.A. Infection in solid-organ transplant recipients / J.A. Fishman // N. Engl. J. Med. – 2007. – Vol. 357 (25). – P. 2601–2614.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fishman, J.A. Infection in solid-organ transplant recipients / J.A. Fishman // N. Engl. J. Med. – 2007. – Vol. 357 (25). – P. 2601–2614.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Donor-derived disease transmission events in the United States: data reviewed by the OPTN / UNOS disease transmission advisory committee / M.G. Ison [et al.] // Am. J. Transplant. – 2009. – Vol. 9 (8). – P. 1929–1935.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Donor-derived disease transmission events in the United States: data reviewed by the OPTN / UNOS disease transmission advisory committee / M.G. Ison [et al.] // Am. J. Transplant. – 2009. – Vol. 9 (8). – P. 1929–1935.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Donor-related coccidioidomycosis in organ transplant recipients / P.W. Wright [et al.] // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 2003. – Vol. 37 (9). – P. 1265–1269.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Donor-related coccidioidomycosis in organ transplant recipients / P.W. Wright [et al.] // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 2003. – Vol. 37 (9). – P. 1265–1269.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wong, S.Y. Transmission of disseminated histoplasmosis via cadaveric renal transplantation: case report / S.Y. Wong, D.M. Allen // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 1992. – Vol. 14 (1). – P. 232–234.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wong, S.Y. Transmission of disseminated histoplasmosis via cadaveric renal transplantation: case report / S.Y. Wong, D.M. Allen // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 1992. – Vol. 14 (1). – P. 232–234.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Donor-derived aspergillosis from use of a solid organ recipient as a multiorgan donor / N.J. Mueller [et al.] // Transplant. Infect. Dis. – 2010. –Vol. 12 (1). – P. 54–59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Donor-derived aspergillosis from use of a solid organ recipient as a multiorgan donor / N.J. Mueller [et al.] // Transplant. Infect. Dis. – 2010. –Vol. 12 (1). – P. 54–59.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Posttransplantation disseminated coccidioidomycosis acquired from donor lungs / M. B. Miller [et al.] // J. Clin. Microbiol. – 2004. – Vol. 42 (5). – P. 2347–2349.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Posttransplantation disseminated coccidioidomycosis acquired from donor lungs / M. B. Miller [et al.] // J. Clin. Microbiol. – 2004. – Vol. 42 (5). – P. 2347–2349.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Transmission of tropical and geographically restricted infections during solid-organ transplantation / P. MartinDavila [et al.] // Clin. Microbiol. Rev. – 2008. – Vol. 21 (1). – P. 60–96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Transmission of tropical and geographically restricted infections during solid-organ transplantation / P. MartinDavila [et al.] // Clin. Microbiol. Rev. – 2008. – Vol. 21 (1). – P. 60–96.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Transmission of histoplasma capsulatum by organ transplantation / A.P. Limaye [et al.] // N. Engl. J. Med. – 2000. – Vol. 343 (16). – P. 1163–1166.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Transmission of histoplasma capsulatum by organ transplantation / A.P. Limaye [et al.] // N. Engl. J. Med. – 2000. – Vol. 343 (16). – P. 1163–1166.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Transmission of invasive aspergillosis from a subclinically infected donor to three different organ transplant recipients / M.R. Keating [et al.] // Chest. – 1996. – Vol. 109 (4). – P. 1119–1124.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Transmission of invasive aspergillosis from a subclinically infected donor to three different organ transplant recipients / M.R. Keating [et al.] // Chest. – 1996. – Vol. 109 (4). – P. 1119–1124.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fungal infections in lung and heartlung transplant recipients: Report of 9 cases and review of the literature / S.S. Kanj [et al.] // Med. (Baltimore). – 1996. – Vol. 75 (3). – P. 142–156.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fungal infections in lung and heartlung transplant recipients: Report of 9 cases and review of the literature / S.S. Kanj [et al.] // Med. (Baltimore). – 1996. – Vol. 75 (3). – P. 142–156.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grossi, P.A. Donor-derived infections in solid organ transplant recipients / P. A. Grossi, J. A. Fishman // Am. J. Transplant. – 2009. – Vol. 9 (Suppl. 4). – S. 19–26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grossi, P.A. Donor-derived infections in solid organ transplant recipients / P. A. Grossi, J. A. Fishman // Am. J. Transplant. – 2009. – Vol. 9 (Suppl. 4). – S. 19–26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fischer, S.A. Screening of donor and recipient prior to solid organ transplantation / S.A. Fischer, R.K. Avery // Am. J. Transplant. – 2009. – Vol. 9 (Suppl. 4). – S. 7–18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fischer, S.A. Screening of donor and recipient prior to solid organ transplantation / S.A. Fischer, R.K. Avery // Am. J. Transplant. – 2009. – Vol. 9 (Suppl. 4). – S. 7–18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Renal artery rupture secondary to pretransplantation Candida contamination of the graft in two different recipients / J. Calvino [et al.] // Am. J. Kidney Dis. – 1999. – Vol. 33 (1). – P. E3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Renal artery rupture secondary to pretransplantation Candida contamination of the graft in two different recipients / J. Calvino [et al.] // Am. J. Kidney Dis. – 1999. – Vol. 33 (1). – P. E3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Transmission of Cryptococcus neoformans by organ transplantation / J.W. Baddley [et al.] // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 2011. – Vol. 52 (4). – P. E94 – E98.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Transmission of Cryptococcus neoformans by organ transplantation / J.W. Baddley [et al.] // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 2011. – Vol. 52 (4). – P. E94 – E98.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Evidence that graft-site candidiasis after kidney transplantation is acquired during organ recovery: a multicenter study in France / L. Albano [et al.] // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 2009. – Vol. 48 (2). – P. 194–202.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evidence that graft-site candidiasis after kidney transplantation is acquired during organ recovery: a multicenter study in France / L. Albano [et al.] // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 2009. – Vol. 48 (2). – P. 194–202.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Candida albicans arteritis transmitted by conservative liquid after renal transplantation: a report of four cases and review of the literature / H. Mai [et al.] // Transplantation. – 2006. – Vol. 82 (9) – P. 1163–1167.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Candida albicans arteritis transmitted by conservative liquid after renal transplantation: a report of four cases and review of the literature / H. Mai [et al.] // Transplantation. – 2006. – Vol. 82 (9) – P. 1163–1167.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Impact of bacterial and fungal donor organ contamination in lung, heart-lung, heart and liver transplantation / F. Mattner [et al.] // Infection. – 2008. – Vol. 36 (3). – P. 207–212.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Impact of bacterial and fungal donor organ contamination in lung, heart-lung, heart and liver transplantation / F. Mattner [et al.] // Infection. – 2008. – Vol. 36 (3). – P. 207–212.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Candidemia following solid organ transplantation in the era of antifungal prophylaxis: the Australian experience / S. J. Van Hal [et al.] // Transplant. Infect. Dis. – 2009. – Vol. 11 (2). – P. 122–127.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Candidemia following solid organ transplantation in the era of antifungal prophylaxis: the Australian experience / S. J. Van Hal [et al.] // Transplant. Infect. Dis. – 2009. – Vol. 11 (2). – P. 122–127.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Comparison of in vitro susceptibility characteristics of Candida species from cases of invasive candidiasis in solid organ and stem cell transplant recipients: Transplant-Associated Infections Surveillance Network (TRANSNET), 2001 to 2006 / S.R. Lockhart [et al.] // J. Clin. Microbiol. – 2011. – Vol. 49 (7). – P. 2404– 2410.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Comparison of in vitro susceptibility characteristics of Candida species from cases of invasive candidiasis in solid organ and stem cell transplant recipients: Transplant-Associated Infections Surveillance Network (TRANSNET), 2001 to 2006 / S.R. Lockhart [et al.] // J. Clin. Microbiol. – 2011. – Vol. 49 (7). – P. 2404– 2410.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Molecular monitoring of Candida albicans infections in liver transplant recipients / A. Tavanti [et al.] // Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. – 2001. – Vol. 20 (8). – P. 544–553.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molecular monitoring of Candida albicans infections in liver transplant recipients / A. Tavanti [et al.] // Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. – 2001. – Vol. 20 (8). – P. 544–553.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cecal colonization and systemic spread of Candida albicans in mice treated with antibiotics and dexamethasone / C.M. Bendel [et al.] // Pediatr. Res. – 2002. – Vol. 51 (3). – P. 290–295.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cecal colonization and systemic spread of Candida albicans in mice treated with antibiotics and dexamethasone / C.M. Bendel [et al.] // Pediatr. Res. – 2002. – Vol. 51 (3). – P. 290–295.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Candida spp. colonization significance in critically ill medical patients: a prospective study / P. E. Charles [et al.] // Intensive Care Med. – 2005. – Vol. 31 (3). – P. 393–400.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Candida spp. colonization significance in critically ill medical patients: a prospective study / P. E. Charles [et al.] // Intensive Care Med. – 2005. – Vol. 31 (3). – P. 393–400.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bartholomew, G.A. Oral candidiasis in patients with diabetes mellitus: a thorough analysis / G.A. Bartholomew, B. Rodu, Bell D. S. // Diabetes Care. – 1987. – Vol. 10 (5). – P. 607–612.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bartholomew, G.A. Oral candidiasis in patients with diabetes mellitus: a thorough analysis / G.A. Bartholomew, B. Rodu, Bell D. S. // Diabetes Care. – 1987. – Vol. 10 (5). – P. 607–612.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shoham, S. Invasive fungal infections in the ICU / S. Shoham, S. Marwaha // J. Intensive Care Med. – 2010. – Vol. 25 (2). – P. 78–92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shoham, S. Invasive fungal infections in the ICU / S. Shoham, S. Marwaha // J. Intensive Care Med. – 2010. – Vol. 25 (2). – P. 78–92.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Factors associated with the development of candidemia and candidemia-related death among liver transplant recipients / J. A. NietoRodriguez [et al.] // Ann. Surg. – 1996. – Vol. 223 (1). – P. 70–76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Factors associated with the development of candidemia and candidemia-related death among liver transplant recipients / J. A. NietoRodriguez [et al.] // Ann. Surg. – 1996. – Vol. 223 (1). – P. 70–76.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Risk factors of invasive Candida and non-Candida fungal infections after liver transplantation / R. Patel [et al.] // Transplantation. – 1996. – Vol. 62 (7). – P. 926–934.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Risk factors of invasive Candida and non-Candida fungal infections after liver transplantation / R. Patel [et al.] // Transplantation. – 1996. – Vol. 62 (7). – P. 926–934.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Changes in the spectrum and risk factors for invasive candidiasis in liver transplant recipients: prospective, multicenter, case-controlled study / S. Husain [et al.] // Transplantation. – 2003. – Vol. 75 (12). – P. 2023–2029.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Changes in the spectrum and risk factors for invasive candidiasis in liver transplant recipients: prospective, multicenter, case-controlled study / S. Husain [et al.] // Transplantation. – 2003. – Vol. 75 (12). – P. 2023–2029.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Association of hepatic iron overload with invasive fungal infection in liver transplant recipients / J. Alexander [et al.] // Liver Transplant. – 2006. – Vol. 12 (12). – P. 1799–1804.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Association of hepatic iron overload with invasive fungal infection in liver transplant recipients / J. Alexander [et al.] // Liver Transplant. – 2006. – Vol. 12 (12). – P. 1799–1804.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Incidence and outcome of fungal infections in pediatric small bowel transplant recipients / D.F. Florescu [et al.] // Transplant. Infect. Dis. – 2010. – Vol. 12 (6). – P. 497–504.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Incidence and outcome of fungal infections in pediatric small bowel transplant recipients / D.F. Florescu [et al.] // Transplant. Infect. Dis. – 2010. – Vol. 12 (6). – P. 497–504.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Early intra-abdominal infections associated with orthotopic liver transplantation / G. E. Reid [et al.] // Transplantation. – 2009. – Vol. 87 (11). – P. 1706–1711.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Early intra-abdominal infections associated with orthotopic liver transplantation / G. E. Reid [et al.] // Transplantation. – 2009. – Vol. 87 (11). – P. 1706–1711.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Infected bilomas in liver transplant recipients, incidence, risk factors and implications for prevention / A. Said [et al.] // Am. J. Transplant. – 2004. – Vol. 4 (4). – P. 574–582.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Infected bilomas in liver transplant recipients, incidence, risk factors and implications for prevention / A. Said [et al.] // Am. J. Transplant. – 2004. – Vol. 4 (4). – P. 574–582.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Infected bilomas in liver transplant recipients: clinical features, optimal management, and risk factors for mortality / N. Safdar [et al.] // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 2004. – Vol. 39 (4). – P. 517–525.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Infected bilomas in liver transplant recipients: clinical features, optimal management, and risk factors for mortality / N. Safdar [et al.] // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 2004. – Vol. 39 (4). – P. 517–525.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Early removal of central venous catheter in patients with candidemia does not improve outcome: analysis of 842 patients from 2 randomized clinical trials / M. Nucci [et al.] // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 2010. – Vol. 51 (3). – P. 295–303.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Early removal of central venous catheter in patients with candidemia does not improve outcome: analysis of 842 patients from 2 randomized clinical trials / M. Nucci [et al.] // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 2010. – Vol. 51 (3). – P. 295–303.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">PCR diagnosis of invasive candidiasis: systematic review and meta-analysis / T. Avni [et al.] // J. Clin. Microbiol. – 2011. – Vol. 49 (2). – P. 665–670.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">PCR diagnosis of invasive candidiasis: systematic review and meta-analysis / T. Avni [et al.] // J. Clin. Microbiol. – 2011. – Vol. 49 (2). – P. 665–670.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">1,3–β-D-glucan in patients receiving intravenous amoxicillin-clavulanic acid / M.A. Mennink-Kersten [et al.] // N. Engl. J. Med. – 2006. – Vol. 354 (26). – P. 2834–2835.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1,3–β-D-glucan in patients receiving intravenous amoxicillin-clavulanic acid / M.A. Mennink-Kersten [et al.] // N. Engl. J. Med. – 2006. – Vol. 354 (26). – P. 2834–2835.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Invasive mycoses: diagnostic challenges / L. Ostrosky-Zeichner [et al.] // Am. J. Med. – 2012. – Vol. 125 (Suppl. 1). – S. 14 – 24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Invasive mycoses: diagnostic challenges / L. Ostrosky-Zeichner [et al.] // Am. J. Med. – 2012. – Vol. 125 (Suppl. 1). – S. 14 – 24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a cause of 1,3-β-D-glucan assay reactivity / M.A. Mennink-Kersten [et al.] // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 2008. – Vol. 46 (12). – P. 1930–1931.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a cause of 1,3-β-D-glucan assay reactivity / M.A. Mennink-Kersten [et al.] // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 2008. – Vol. 46 (12). – P. 1930–1931.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The (1,3) {β} -D-glucan test as an aid to early diagnosis of invasive fungal infections following lung transplantation / B. D. Alexander [et al.] // J. Clin. Microbiol. – 2010. – Vol. 48 (11). – P. 4083–4088.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The (1,3) {β} -D-glucan test as an aid to early diagnosis of invasive fungal infections following lung transplantation / B. D. Alexander [et al.] // J. Clin. Microbiol. – 2010. – Vol. 48 (11). – P. 4083–4088.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Early diagnostic value of plasma PCT and BG assay for CRBSI after OLT / J. Chen [et al.] // Transplant. Proc. – 2011. – Vol. 43 (5). – P. 1777–1779.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Early diagnostic value of plasma PCT and BG assay for CRBSI after OLT / J. Chen [et al.] // Transplant. Proc. – 2011. – Vol. 43 (5). – P. 1777–1779.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America / P.G. Pappas [et al.] // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 2009. – Vol. 48 (5). – P. 503–535.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America / P.G. Pappas [et al.] // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 2009. – Vol. 48 (5). – P. 503–535.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pappas, P.G. Candida in solid organ transplant recipients / P. G. Pappas, F. P. Silveira // Am. J. Transplant. – 2009. – Vol. 9 (Suppl. 4). – S. 173 – 179.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pappas, P.G. Candida in solid organ transplant recipients / P. G. Pappas, F. P. Silveira // Am. J. Transplant. – 2009. – Vol. 9 (Suppl. 4). – S. 173 – 179.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anidulafungin versus Fluconazole for Invasive Candidiasis / C. Annette [et al.] // N. Engl. J. Med. – 2007. – Vol. 356. – P. 2472–2482.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anidulafungin versus Fluconazole for Invasive Candidiasis / C. Annette [et al.] // N. Engl. J. Med. – 2007. – Vol. 356. – P. 2472–2482.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sorrell Echinocandin Antifungal Drugs in Fungal Infections A Comparison / C. A. Sharon [et al.] // Drugs. – 2011. – Vol. 71 (1). – P. 11–41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorrell Echinocandin Antifungal Drugs in Fungal Infections A Comparison / C. A. Sharon [et al.] // Drugs. – 2011. – Vol. 71 (1). – P. 11–41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anidulafungin does not require dosage adjustment in subjects with varying degrees of hepatic or renal impairment / J.A. Dowell [et al.] // J. Clin. Pharmacol. – 2007. – Vol. 47. – P. 461–470.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anidulafungin does not require dosage adjustment in subjects with varying degrees of hepatic or renal impairment / J.A. Dowell [et al.] // J. Clin. Pharmacol. – 2007. – Vol. 47. – P. 461–470.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aguado, J. M . S a f e t y o f Anidulafungin in Solid OrganTransplant Recipients / J. M. Aguado, E. Varo, P. Usetti // Liver Ttransplant. – 2012. – Vol. 18. – P. 680–685.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aguado, J. M . S a f e t y o f Anidulafungin in Solid OrganTransplant Recipients / J. M. Aguado, E. Varo, P. Usetti // Liver Ttransplant. – 2012. – Vol. 18. – P. 680–685.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Multiple-Dose Anidulafungin in Infants and Neonates / Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez [et al.] // Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. – 2011. – Vol. 89 (5). – P. 702–707.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Multiple-Dose Anidulafungin in Infants and Neonates / Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez [et al.] // Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. – 2011. – Vol. 89 (5). – P. 702–707.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">In vitro activities of anidulafungin against more than 2,500 clinical isolates of Candida spp., including 315 isolates resistant to fluconazole / M. A. Pfaller [et al.] // J. Clin. Microbiol. – 2005. – Vol. 43. – P. 5425–5427.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">In vitro activities of anidulafungin against more than 2,500 clinical isolates of Candida spp., including 315 isolates resistant to fluconazole / M. A. Pfaller [et al.] // J. Clin. Microbiol. – 2005. – Vol. 43. – P. 5425–5427.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mayr, M. Aigner and C. LassFl rl. Anidulafungin for the Treatment of Invasive Candidiasis // Clin. Microbiol. Infec. – 2011. – Vol. 17. – S. 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mayr, M. Aigner and C. LassFl rl. Anidulafungin for the Treatment of Invasive Candidiasis // Clin. Microbiol. Infec. – 2011. – Vol. 17. – S. 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kett1, D. H. Anidulafungin compared with fluconazole in severely ill patients with candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis: Support for the 2009 IDSA treatment guidelines for candidiasis / D. H. Kett1, A. F. Shorr, A. C. Reboli // Critical Care. – 2011. – Vol. 15. – P. R253.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kett1, D. H. Anidulafungin compared with fluconazole in severely ill patients with candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis: Support for the 2009 IDSA treatment guidelines for candidiasis / D. H. Kett1, A. F. Shorr, A. C. Reboli // Critical Care. – 2011. – Vol. 15. – P. R253.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ulmann, A. J. Guidelines for the treatment of invasive fungal infections: ESCMID Candida guidelines 2011 / 2012 / A.J. Ulmann // Mycoses. – 2011. – Vol. 54 (Suppl. 2). – P. 41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ulmann, A. J. Guidelines for the treatment of invasive fungal infections: ESCMID Candida guidelines 2011 / 2012 / A.J. Ulmann // Mycoses. – 2011. – Vol. 54 (Suppl. 2). – P. 41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Airway pathogens during the first year after lung transplantation: a singlecenter experience / Z. Kovats [et al.] // Transplant. Proc. – 2011. – Vol. 43 (4). – P. 1290–1291.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Airway pathogens during the first year after lung transplantation: a singlecenter experience / Z. Kovats [et al.] // Transplant. Proc. – 2011. – Vol. 43 (4). – P. 1290–1291.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trends in invasive disease due to Candida species following heart and lung transplantation / J. M. Schaenman [et al.] // Transplant. Infect. Dis. – 2009. – Vol. 11 (2). – P. 112–121.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trends in invasive disease due to Candida species following heart and lung transplantation / J. M. Schaenman [et al.] // Transplant. Infect. Dis. – 2009. – Vol. 11 (2). – P. 112–121.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Candiduria in renal transplant recipients: incidence, clinical repercussion, and treatment indication / J. Delgado [et al.] // Transplant. Proc. – 2010. – Vol. 42 (8). – P. 2944–2946.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Candiduria in renal transplant recipients: incidence, clinical repercussion, and treatment indication / J. Delgado [et al.] // Transplant. Proc. – 2010. – Vol. 42 (8). – P. 2944–2946.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Predictors and outcomes of candiduria in renal transplant recipients / N. Safdar [et al.] // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 2005. – Vol. 40 (10). – P. 1413–1421.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Predictors and outcomes of candiduria in renal transplant recipients / N. Safdar [et al.] // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 2005. – Vol. 40 (10). – P. 1413–1421.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kidney transplants from infected donors: our experience / M. Battaglia [et al.] // Transplant. Proc. – 2004. – Vol. 36 (3). – P. 491–492.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kidney transplants from infected donors: our experience / M. Battaglia [et al.] // Transplant. Proc. – 2004. – Vol. 36 (3). – P. 491–492.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caspofungin in the treatment of symptomatic candiduria / J. D. Sobel [et al.] // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 2007. – Vol. 44 (5). – P. E46 – E49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caspofungin in the treatment of symptomatic candiduria / J. D. Sobel [et al.] // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 2007. – Vol. 44 (5). – P. E46 – E49.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Improvement of a clinical prediction rule for clinical trials on prophylaxis for invasive candidiasis in the intensive care unit / L. OstroskyZeichner [et al.] // Mycoses. – 2011. – Vol. 54 (1). – P. 46–51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Improvement of a clinical prediction rule for clinical trials on prophylaxis for invasive candidiasis in the intensive care unit / L. OstroskyZeichner [et al.] // Mycoses. – 2011. – Vol. 54 (1). – P. 46–51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
