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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transplantologiya</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансплантология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0909</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO Association of Transplantologists</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23873/2074-0506-2018-10-3-185-196</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transplantologiya-390</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ТРАНСПЛАНТОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ACTUAL ISSUES OF TRANSPLANTATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Характеристика посмертных органных доноров в НИИ СП им. Н.В. Склифосовского и донорских стационарах ФМБА России (2008–2017 гг.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Characteristics of postmortem organ donors in N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine and the donor hospitals of FMBA of Russia (2008–2017)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградов</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradov</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Львович Виноградов - доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры анестезиологии-реанимации и интенсивной терапии Института последипломного профессионального образования.</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Живописная, д. 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor L. Vinogradov - Dr. Med. Sci., Professor of the Department of Anesthesiology&amp;Critical and Intensive Care at the Institute of Postgraduate Professional Education.</p><p>46 Zhivopisnaya St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.l.vinogradov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хубутия</surname><given-names>М. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khubutiya</surname><given-names>M. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская площадь, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Губарев</surname><given-names>К. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gubarev</surname><given-names>K. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098, Москва, ул. Живописная, д. 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46 Zhivopisnaya St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дулуб</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dulub</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская площадь, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захлевный</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakhlevnyy</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098, Москва, ул. Живописная, д. 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46 Zhivopisnaya St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Светлакова</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svetlakova</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098, Москва, ул. Живописная, д. 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46 Zhivopisnaya St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Восканян</surname><given-names>С. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voskanyan</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098, Москва, ул. Живописная, д. 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46 Zhivopisnaya St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самойлов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoylov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098, Москва, ул. Живописная, д. 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46 Zhivopisnaya St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ ГНЦ ФМБЦ им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Medico-Biological Agency of Russia (FMBA)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>185</fpage><lpage>196</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Виноградов В.Л., Хубутия М.Ш., Губарев К.К., Дулуб В.Г., Захлевный А.И., Светлакова Д.С., Восканян С.Э., Самойлов А.С., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Виноградов В.Л., Хубутия М.Ш., Губарев К.К., Дулуб В.Г., Захлевный А.И., Светлакова Д.С., Восканян С.Э., Самойлов А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vinogradov V.L., Khubutiya M.S., Gubarev K.K., Dulub V.G., Zakhlevnyy A.I., Svetlakova D.S., Voskanyan S.E., Samoylov A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/390">https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/390</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. В Российской Федерации проведены единичные исследования, посвященные изучению характеристик популяции посмертных доноров.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: выявление основных характеристик пула посмертных доноров в ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ» и ФГБУ ГНЦ ФМБЦ им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России за период 2008–2017 гг.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Ретроспективно проанализированы 429 донорских карт актуальных и эффективных посмертных доноров. Учитывались такие характеристики, как: пол, возраст, постоянное место проживания, причина смерти, продолжительность искусственной вентиляции легких, тип донорства, общее количество изъятых органов и количество изъятых органов от одного донора.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Донорами стали 281 мужчина и 148 женщин. Отмечен рост среднего возраста доноров с 37 до 48,5 года. Основными причинами смерти стали цереброваскулярные заболевания и черепно-мозговая травма. С 2012 г. отмечено увеличение частоты цереброваскулярных заболеваний как причины смерти доноров с 30 до 70%. Из 429 актуальных доноров смерть мозга была диагностирована у 366 (85,3%). Эффективными донорами стали 408 умерших. Всего было получено 1247 донорских органов (744 почки, 220 печеней, 42 поджелудочные железы, 2 кишечника, 180 сердец, 58 легких и 1 васкуляризированный композитный комплекс лица). При этом среднее число донорских органов от одного донора составило 3,06.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы для разработки унифицированных протоколов выявления и обследования посмертных доноров и оценки возможного объема трансплантологической помощи.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. За период 2008–2017 гг. отмечено увеличение среднего возраста посмертных доноров (с 38,1 до 48,7 года) за счет снижения доли доноров в возрастной группе 18–29 лет (с 29 до 4%) и увеличения доли доноров в возрастной группе старше 60 лет (с 3 до 15%). С 2012 по 2017 г. наблюдалось снижение части доноров, умерших в результате черепно-мозговой травмы (с 68 до 29%) за счет увеличения части доноров, умерших в результате цереброваскулярных заболеваний (с 30 до 71%). Среди посмертных доноров, доставленных бригадами скорой медицинской помощи непосредственно в отделения реанимации, у 69% уровень сознания был угнетен до 5 баллов и ниже по шкале комы Глазго.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Rationale</title><p>Rationale. There have been only single studies conducted in the Russian Federation to characterize the posthumous donor population.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: Identifying the main characteristics of the donor pool in N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of Moscow Healthcare Department and in the State Research Center – A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, FMBA, for the period from 2008–2017.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The clinical records of 429 actual and effective posthumous donors were analyzed retrospectively. The following characteristics were studied: gender, age, permanent place of residence, cause of death, the duration of mechanical lung ventilation, type of donation, total number of harvested organs, and number of organs recovered per donor.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. There were 281 male and 148 female donors. The increase in the mean age of donors from 37 to 48.5 years was noted. Cerebrovascular disease and traumatic brain injury became the main causes of death. Since 2012, the rate of cerebrovascular diseases as the cause of donor death has increased from 30% to 70%. Of 429 actual donors, the brain death was diagnosed in 366 (85.3%). Four hundred eight deceased became effective donors. A total of 1,247 donor organs (744 kidneys, 220 livers, 42 pancreas, 2 intestines, 180 hearts, 58 lungs, and 1 facial vascularized composite allograft) were obtained. The mean number of donor organs recovered per donor was 3.06.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The results obtained can be used to develop unified protocols and results of posthumous donors and to assess the possible volume of transplant care. In the period 2008–2017 an increase in the average age of posthumous donors (from 38.1 to 48.7 years) due to the proportion of donors in the 18–29 age group (from 29 to 4%) and an increase in the proportion of donors in the age group over 60 (from 3 to 15%). From 2012 to 2017 (from 68 to 29%) due to an increase in the number of donors who died as a result of cerebrovascular diseases (from 30 to 71%). Among the posthumous donors delivered by ambulance teams directly to the intensive care units, 69% of the consciousness level was depressed to 5 and lower on the Glasgow coma scale.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>органное донорство</kwd><kwd>смерть мозга</kwd><kwd>среднее число органов</kwd><kwd>полученных от одного эффективного донора</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>organ donation</kwd><kwd>brain death</kwd><kwd>mean number of organs recovered per effective donor</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rana A., Gruessner A., Agopian V.G., et al. Survival benefit of solid-organ transplant in the United States. JAMA Surg. 2015;150(3):252–259. PMID:25629390 DOI:10.1001/jamasurg.2014.2038</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rana A., Gruessner A., Agopian V.G., et al. 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