transplantologiyaТрансплантологияTransplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation2074-05062542-0909IPO Association of Transplantologists10.23873/2074-0506-2018-10-4-327-335transplantologiya-407Research ArticleОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEW ARTICLES AND LECTURESИспользование трупной кожи в лечении ранUse of cadaver skin in the treatment of woundshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3742-6374СачковА. B.SachkovA. V.

Алексей Владимирович Сачков – кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий научным отделением острых термических поражений 

129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская площадь, д. 3

Aleksey V. Sachkov – Cand. Med. Sci., Head of the Scientific Department of Acute Thermal Injury

3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8897-7523БоровковаН. В.BorovkovaN. V.

Наталья Валерьевна Боровкова – кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник отделения острых термических поражений 

129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская площадь, д. 3

Natal’ya V. Borovkova – Dr. Med. Sci., Head of the Scientific Department of Biotechnologies and Tranfusiology 

3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090

borovkovanv@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-0229ЖирковаЕ. А.ZhirkovaE. A.

Елена Александровна Жиркова – кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник отделения острых термических поражений 

129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская площадь, д. 3

Elena A. Zhirkova – Cand. Med. Sci., Researcher of the Department of Acute Thermal Injury

3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9592-7682МироновА. С.MironovA. S.

Александр Сергеевич Миронов – кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделением консервирования тканей и производства трансплантатов 

129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская площадь, д. 3

Aleksandr S. Mironov – Cand. Med. Sci., Head of the Department for Tissue Preservation and Transplant Production

3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9616-9844БорисовВ. С.BorisovV. S.

Валерий Сергеевич Борисов – кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения острых термических поражений 

129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская площадь, д. 3

Valeriy S. Borisov – Cand. Med. Sci., Senior Researcher of the Department of Acute Thermal Injury

3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7070-8512СпиридоноваТ. Г.SpiridonovaT. G.

Тамара Георгиевна Спиридонова – доктор медицинских наук, научный консультант отделения острых термических поражений 

129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская площадь, д. 3

Tamara G. Spiridonova – Dr. Med. Sci., Scientific Consultant of the Department of Acute Thermal Injury

3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2523-6939ПономаревИ. Н.PonomarevI. N.

Иван Николаевич Пономарев – кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник отделения биотехнологий и трансфузиологии 

129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская площадь, д. 3

Ivan N. Ponomarev – Cand. Med. Sci., Researcher of the Department of Biotechnologies and Tranfusiology

3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0798-9192СвищевА. В.SvishchevA. V.

Александр Владимирович Свищев – главный специалист отдела организации и проведения клинических испытаний и исследований 

129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская площадь, д. 3

Aleksandr V. Svishchеv – Chief Specialist of the Department for Organizing and Conducting Clinical Trials and Researches

3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090

ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»РоссияN.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency MedicineRussian Federation201821122018104327335Copyright © Сачков А.B., Боровкова Н.В., Жиркова Е.А., Миронов А.С., Борисов В.С., Спиридонова Т.Г., Пономарев И.Н., Свищев А.В., 20182018Сачков А.B., Боровкова Н.В., Жиркова Е.А., Миронов А.С., Борисов В.С., Спиридонова Т.Г., Пономарев И.Н., Свищев А.В.Sachkov A.V., Borovkova N.V., Zhirkova E.A., Mironov A.S., Borisov V.S., Spiridonova T.G., Ponomarev I.N., Svishchev A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/407

В статье проводится анализ мирового опыта и основных трендов в области подготовки трупной кожи для использованияприлечениипациентовсранамиразнойэтиологии. Описанаисториявопросаотпервыхпопыток трансплантации нативной кожи до создания специализированных банков аллогенных децеллюляризированных (бесклеточных) тканевых трансплантатов. Изложены современные подходы к консервированию донорского материала – в частности, к принципиальному и актуальному до настоящего времени вопросу: следует ли сохранять жизнеспособность клеток в составе трансплантата или эффективнее пересаживать кожу, лишенную клеточных элементов. Отражены такие преимущества и недостатки лиофилизированных лоскутов, как возможность длительного хранения, но потеря эластичности после регидратации. Обсуждены способы криоконсервирования кожных аллотрансплататов, их особенности, а также приемлемые при этом методы стерилизации. Дана оценка перспективной технологии децеллюляризации трансплантатов и кратко представлена методика их производства.

The article has analyzed the world experience and main trends in the preparation of cadaveric skin for use in the treatment of patients with wounds of various etiologies. The history of the question is described from the first attempts of transplantation of the native skin to the creation of specialized banks of allogenic decellularized tissue grafts. Presented are the modern approaches of donor material conservation, specifically, to the principle and topical question: whether the viability of the cells should be preserved in the graft, or it is more efficient to transplant the skin devoid of cellular elements. The advantages and disadvantages of lyophilized grafts have been described, namely the possibility of longterm storage, but loss of elasticity, after rehydration. The methods of cryoconservation of cutaneous allografts, their properties, and acceptable methods of sterilization have been discussed. A perspective technology of graft decellularization has been assessed and the methodologies of their manufacturing have briefly been presented.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.