transplantologiyaТрансплантологияTransplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation2074-05062542-0909IPO Association of Transplantologists10.23873/2074-0506-2019-11-1-37-54transplantologiya-420Research ArticleОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEW ARTICLES AND LECTURESКсенотрансплантация: история, проблемы и перспективы развитияXenotransplantation: history, problems and development prospectshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8650-0855ГуляевВ. А.GulyaevV. A.

Владимир Алексеевич Гуляев - доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения трансплантации почки и поджелудочной железы

129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3

Vladimir A. Gulyaev -  Dr. Med. Sci., Leading Researcher of the Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation Department

3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0746-1884ХубутияМ. Ш.KhubutiyaM. Sh.

Могели Шалвович Хубутия- академик РАН, профессор, доктор медицинских наук, президент

129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3

Mogeli Sh. Khubutiya - Acad. of RAS, Prof., Dr. Med. Sci., President

3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6362-7914НоврузбековМ. С.NovruzbekovM. S.

Мурад  Сафтарович Новрузбеков - доктор медицинских наук, заведующий научным отделением трансплантации печени

129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3

Murad S. Novruzbekov - Dr. Med. Sci., Head of the Scientific Liver Transplantation Department

3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090

n.m.s@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9592-7682МироновА. С.MironovA. S.

Александр Сергеевич Миронов - кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделением консервирования тканей и производства трансплантатов

129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3

Aleksandr S. Mironov - Cand. Med. Sci., Head of the Department for Tissue Preservation and Transplant Production

3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0691-5581ОлисовО. Д.OlisovO. D.

Олег Даниелович Олисов - кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения трансплантации печени

129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3

Oleg D. Olisov - Cand. Med. Sci., Senior Researcher of the Liver Transplantation Department

3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2305-4055ЛуцыкК. Н.LutsykK. N.

Константин Николаевич Луцык - кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий операционным блоком Городского центра трансплантации печени

129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3

Konstantin N. Lutsyk - Cand. Med. Sci., Head of the Operating Theatre of the City Center for Liver Transplantation

3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9992-9260ЖуравельС. В.ZhuravelS. V.

Сергей Владимирович Журавель - доктор медицинских наук, заведующий научным отделением анестезиологии и реанимациидля трансплантации органов

129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3

Sergey V. Zhuravel - Dr. Med. Sci., Head of the Scientific Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care for Organ Transplantation

3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5057-6628МагомедовК. М.MagomedovK. M.

Кубай Магомедович Магомедов - врач-хирург операционного блока Городского центра трансплантации печени

129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3

Kubay M. Magomedov - Surgeon of the Operating Theatre of the City Center for Liver Transplantationat

3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1117-7883АхметшинР. Б.AkhmetshinR. B.

Равиль Борисович Ахметшин - врач-хирург операционного блока (для трансплантации органов)

129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3

Ravil’ B. Akhmetshin - Surgeon of the Operating Theatre (for Organ Transplantation)

3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5889-8675ЯреминБ. И.YareminB. I.

Борис Иванович Яремин - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, врач-хирург операционного блока Городского центра трансплантации печени

129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3

Boris I. Yaremin - Cand. Med. Sci., Assistant Professor, Surgeon of the Operating Theatre of the City Center for Liver Transplantation

3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090

ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»РоссияN.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency MedicineRussian Federation2019270320191113754Copyright © Гуляев В.А., Хубутия М.Ш., Новрузбеков М.С., Миронов А.С., Олисов О.Д., Луцык К.Н., Журавель С.В., Магомедов К.М., Ахметшин Р.Б., Яремин Б.И., 20192019Гуляев В.А., Хубутия М.Ш., Новрузбеков М.С., Миронов А.С., Олисов О.Д., Луцык К.Н., Журавель С.В., Магомедов К.М., Ахметшин Р.Б., Яремин Б.И.Gulyaev V.A., Khubutiya M.S., Novruzbekov M.S., Mironov A.S., Olisov O.D., Lutsyk K.N., Zhuravel S.V., Magomedov K.M., Akhmetshin R.B., Yaremin B.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/420

В работе анализируются вехи истории и предпосылки появления и развития ксенотрансплантации. Дан анализ современных барьеров для развития этого вида трансплантации органов и тканей – иммунологических, инфекционных, генетических, этических и регуляторных. Приведен обзор существующих теоретических и экспериментальных исследований. Оцениваются перспективы выполнения ксенотрансплантации в различных сочетаниях видов. Приведен обзор форм и вариантов реакции отторжения ксенотрансплантатов. Описаны генноинженерные подходы к преодолению ксеноиммунологической несовместимости. Дана оценка путей преодоления существующих барьеров и перспективы дальнейшего развития ксенотрансплантации как научного раздела трансплантологии.

The paper reviews the milestones and prerequisites in the history of the emergence and development of xenotransplantation. The currently existing barriers (immunological, infectious, genetic, ethical, and regulatory) to the development of this organ and tissue transplantation type have been studied. Available data on theoretical research and experimental studies have been reviewed. The prospects for performing xenotransplantation in various combination of species have been assessed. The forms and variants of the xenograft rejection reaction have been described. Genetic engineering approaches to overcoming xenoimmunological incompatibility are described. An assessment is made of ways to overcome existing barriers and prospects for the further development of xenotransplantation as a scientific section of transplantology.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.