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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transplantologiya</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансплантология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0909</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO Association of Transplantologists</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23873/2074-0506-2019-11-1-71-87</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transplantologiya-421</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ МЕДИЦИНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY OF MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ФЕНОМЕН ДЕМИХОВА. В Институте им. Н.В. Склифосовского (1960–1986 гг.). Научная революция в трансплантологии (1960–1964 гг.). Достижения США и СССР в области трансплантологии и трансплантационного иммунитета (1962 г.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PHENOMENON OF DEMIKHOV. In the Sklifosovsky Institute (1960–1986). Scientifc Revolution in Transplantation (1960–1964). Achievements of the USA and the USSR in the feld of transplantation and transplant immunity (1962)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2754-836X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глянцев</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glyantsev</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Павлович Глянцев - профессор, доктор медицинских наук, руководитель отдела истории сердечно-сосудистой хирургии НМИЦ ССХ им. А.Н. Бакулева, заведующий сектором истории медицины отдела истории медицины Национального НИИ ОЗ им. Н.А. Семашко</p><p>121552, Москва, Рублевское ш., д. 135, </p><p>105064, Москва, ул. Воронцово поле, д. 12, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey P. Glyantsev - Prof., Dr. Med. Sci., Head of the Department of the History of Cardiovascular Surgery at A.N. Bakoulev National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Head of the Medical History Unit within the Medical History Department at N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health</p><p>135 Roublyevskoe Hwy., Moscow 121552 , </p><p>12 Bldg. 1 Vorontsovo Pole St., Moscow 105064 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">spglyantsev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ ССХ им. А.Н. Бакулева» МЗ РФ;&#13;
ФГБНУ «Национальный НИИ ОЗ им. Н.А. Семашко»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.N. Bakoulev National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery;&#13;
N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>87</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Глянцев С.П., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Глянцев С.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Glyantsev S.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/421">https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/421</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье приведены доказательства того, что в 1960–1964 гг. в мире произошла научная революция в трансплантологии со сменой парадигм от невозможности гомопластических пересадок органов к надежде на их выполнимость. Она началась присуждением в 1960 г. P. Medawar и F. Burnet Нобелевской премии за открытие искусственной иммунологической толерантности, продолжилась в 1961–1962 гг. достижениями в области пересадки жизненно важных органов в эксперименте в условиях искусственного кровообращения (R. Lower, N. Shumway) и иммуносупрессии (K. Reemstma) и завершилась пересадками в 1963 г. легкого и в 1964 г. – сердца человеку (J. Hardy). В эти же годы была разработана и внедрена концепция механической поддержки больного сердца имплантированным механическим устройством (1963). Но даже на этом фоне достижения В.П. Демихова в пересадках гомоорганов и разработке биологических методик преодоления тканевой несовместимости выглядят впечатляюще. Его высшим достижением стала пересадка дополнительного сердца в июне 1962 г. собаке Гришке, которая прожила с ним 141 день. Однако после открытий в области трансплантационного иммунитета поезд экспериментальной трансплантологии, в одном из вагонов которого ехал В.П. Демихов, очень быстро набирал скорость, и советским хирургам еще только предстояло вскочить на его подножку.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Correspondence to: Sergey P. Glyantsev, Prof., Dr. Med. Sci., Head of the Department of the History of Cardiovascular Surgery at A.N. Bakoulev National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Head of the Medical History Unit within the Medical History Department at N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, e-mail: spglyantsev@mail.ru Received: August 08, 2018 Accepted for publication: September 12, 2018 The article presents the evidence of a scientific revolution in transplantology that occurred in the world in 1960-1964 with the shift of the paradigm from the impossibility of homoplastic organ transplants to the hope on their feasibility. It began in 1960 with awarding the Nobel Prize to P. Medawar and F. Burnet for the discovery of artificial immunological tolerance, it had its continuation in 1961–1962 with the advances in experimental transplantation of vital organs undertaken in conditions of mechanical circulation (R. Lower, N. Shumway) and immunosuppression (K. Reemstma), and completed with human transplantations of lung in 1963 and of heart in 1964 (J. Hardy). In those years, the concept of mechanical support for an ill heart by using an implanted mechanical assist device was developed and introduced (1963). But even against that background, V.P. Demikhov's achievements in homologous organ transplantation and the development of biological techniques to overcome tissue incompatibility looked impressive. His highest achievement was the transplantation of a supplemental heart to the dog Grishka in June 1962, and the dog survived with it for 141 days. However, after the discoveries in the field of transplantation immunity, the train of experimental transplantation where V.P. Demikhov was riding, began picking up speed very quickly, and the Soviet surgeons were to jump on its footboard.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>В.П. Демихов</kwd><kwd>Институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского</kwd><kwd>научная революция в трансплантологии</kwd><kwd>1960–1964 гг.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>V.P. Demikhov</kwd><kwd>N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute for Emergency Medicine</kwd><kwd>scientific revolution in transplantology</kwd><kwd>1960–1964</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamburger J. Transplantation d’un rein entre jumeauxnon monozygotes après irradiation du receveur: bon fonctionnement au quatrièmemois. Presse Med. 1959;67:1771–1778.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamburger J. 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