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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transplantologiya</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансплантология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0909</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO Association of Transplantologists</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23873/2074-0506-2019-11-3-188-200</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transplantologiya-443</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ТРАНСПЛАНТОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ACTUAL ISSUES OF TRANSPLANTATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возможности радионуклидной диагностики при диффузных заболеваниях печени и портальной гипертензии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The potential of radionuclide diagnostic imaging in diffuse liver disease and portal hypertension</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7521-487X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мигунова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Migunova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения лучевой диагностики,</p><p>129090, Россия, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Med. Sci., Senior Researcher of the Radiology Department,</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">emigunovasklif@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0746-1884</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хубутия</surname><given-names>М. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khubutiya</surname><given-names>M. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>акад. РАН, проф., д-р мед. наук, президент; заведующий кафедры трансплантологии и искусственных органов,</p><p>129090, Россия, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p><p>127473, Россия, Москва, Делегатская ул., д. 20, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Acad. of RAS, Prof., Dr. Med. Sci., President; Head,</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090,</p><p>1 Bldg. 20 Delegatskaya St., Moscow 127473</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1647-1635</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудряшова</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryashova</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, главный научный сотрудник отделения лучевой диагностики,</p><p>129090, Россия, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Med. Sci., Chief Researcher of the Radiology Department,</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синякова</surname><given-names>О. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinyakova</surname><given-names>O. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, научный консультант отделения лучевой диагностики,</p><p>129090, Россия, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Techn. Sci., Scientific Consultant of the Radiology Department,</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3726-3256</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бердников</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berdnikov</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения неотложной хирургии, эндоскопии и интенсивной терапии,</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Med. Sci., Senior Researcher of the Department of Urgent Surgery, Endoscopy, and Intensive Care,</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7802-2283</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рей</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rey</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения неотложной хирургии, эндоскопии и интенсивной терапии,</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Med. Sci., Senior Researcher of the Department of Urgent Surgery, Endoscopy, and Intensive Care,</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6362-7914</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новрузбеков</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novruzbekov</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, заведующий научным отделением трансплантации печени,</p><p>129090, Россия, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Med. Sci., Head of the Scientific Liver Transplantation Department,</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0691-5581</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Олисов</surname><given-names>О. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Olisov</surname><given-names>O. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения трансплантации печени,</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Med. Sci., Senior Researcher of the Liver Transplantation Department,</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»; Кафедра трансплантологии и искусственных органов ФГБОУ ВО МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine; Department of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>188</fpage><lpage>200</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мигунова Е.В., Хубутия М.Ш., Кудряшова Н.Е., Синякова О.Г., Бердников Г.А., Рей С.И., Новрузбеков М.С., Олисов О.Д., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мигунова Е.В., Хубутия М.Ш., Кудряшова Н.Е., Синякова О.Г., Бердников Г.А., Рей С.И., Новрузбеков М.С., Олисов О.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Migunova E.V., Khubutiya M.S., Kudryashova N.E., Sinyakova O.G., Berdnikov G.A., Rey S.I., Novruzbekov M.S., Olisov O.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/443">https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/443</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование были включены 325 пациентов с гепатитом и циррозом печени различной этиологии и степени тяжести, в том числе после трансплантации печени: 96 пациентов с гепатитом, 24 – с циррозом класса А, 87 – класса В и 118 – класса С по Child–Pugh, а также 11 добровольцев (группа контроля) без клинических и лабораторных признаков диффузного поражения печени. Для оценки состояния ретикулоэндотелиальной системы печени проводили сцинтиграфию с отечественным радиофармпрепаратом 99mТс-технефитом (фитиновый коллоид) в статическом планарном режиме и режиме «все тело» на однофотонном эмиссионном томографе Infinia II (GE, США).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По сравнению с группой контроля были выявлены достоверные радионуклидные признаки гепатоспленомегалии с преобладанием функциональной активности левой доли печени, нарушение функции печени и признаки портальной гипертензии (р&lt;0,005), коррелирующие со степенями тяжести цирроза по классификации Child–Pugh. Анализ количественных параметров сцинтиграфии показал, что наиболее информативными из них являются интенсивность накопления радиофармпрепарата в селезенке (С%) и костном мозге (Км%), а также захват радиофармпрепарата ретикулоэндотелиальными клетками печени и селезенки в процентах от введенной активности (Пвт% и Свт%). В зависимости от тяжести цирроза печени по классификации Child–Pugh изменение количественных параметров сопровождалось прогрессирующим увеличением селезенки, левой доли печени и повышением накопления радиофармпрепарата в костном мозге на фоне снижения захвата радиофармпрепарата печенью. Результаты исследования показали, что в пределах класса С для больных циррозом печени вирусной и смешанной этиологии по сравнению с больными алкогольным циррозом характерно более выраженное нарушение ретикулоэндотелиальной функции печени.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В работе выделены наиболее информативные показатели, характеризующие портальную гипертензию и функцию ретикулоэндотелиальной системы при всех классах цирроза по классификации Child–Pugh, это – накопление радиофармпрепарата в селезенке (С%) и костном мозге (Км%), а также захват радиофармпрепарата печенью и селезенкой в процентах от введенной активности (Пвт% и Свт%). Расчет остальных показателей необходим для детальной характеристики функции органа и определения выраженности портальной гипертензии при повторных исследованиях.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Разработаны критерии объективной оценки ретикулоэндотелиальной функции и портальной гипертензии при диффузных заболеваниях печени, в том числе после трансплантации органа. По сравнению с группой контроля при диффузных заболеваниях печени выявлены радионуклидные признаки гепатоспленомегалии (или уменьшения размеров печени) с преобладанием функциональной активности левой доли и изменение количественных параметров по показателям захвата радиофармпрепарата печенью (Пвт%), включая накопление ее левой долей (Лд%), селезенкой (С% и Свт%), костным мозгом (Км%) и соотношения площадей печени и селезенки (Ппл/Спл). Выделены информативные и статистически значимые (р&lt;0,05) параметры функции, коррелирующие с классами цирроза по Child–Pugh: Пвт%, С%, Свт% и Км%. Высокая воспроизводимость радионуклидного метода позволяет рекомендовать его для объективной оценки функции печени и выявления портальной гипертензии при гепатите и циррозе, а также для динамического наблюдения за функциональным состоянием печени после ее трансплантации для своевременной профилактики осложнений в раннем и отдаленном послеоперационном периодах.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. The study objective was to assess the scintigraphy potential in the evaluation of portal hypertension and the severity of liver damage in diffuse diseases and after liver transplantation.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study enrolled 325 patients suffering from hepatitis and liver cirrhosis of various etiology and severity, including those after liver transplantation, namely, the patients with hepatitis (n=96), patients with liver cirrhosis of Child–Pugh class A (n=24), class B (n=87), and class C (n=118); 11 more healthy volunteers without clinical and laboratory signs of diffuse liver disease were enrolled as controls. The assessment of liver reticuloendothelial system was performed by scintigraphy with (99m)Tc-phytate colloid in a static planar mode and "whole body" mode by SPECT (Infinia II, GE).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In contrast to the control group, significant radionuclide signs of hepatosplenomegaly were revealed with the predominant functional activity of the left lobe; the liver function was found impaired that correlated with the cirrhosis severity evaluated according to the Child–Pugh Сlassification. The analysis of scintigraphy quantitative parameters showed that the most informative of them were the intensity of radiopharmaceutical accumulation in the spleen (S%) and in bone marrow (Вm%), and the radiopharmaceutical uptake by the reticuloendothelial cells of the liver and spleen in percentage from the administered activity (Lwb%, Swb%). Depending on the cirrhosis severity assessed by the Child–Pugh Score, the changes in quantitative parameters were accompanied by a progressive enlargement of the spleen, liver left lobe, the increase of (99m)Tc-phytate uptake by the bone marrow with a decreased radiopharmaceutical uptake by the liver. The study results showed that among the Child–Pugh class C patients, the impairment of liver reticuloendothelial function was more pronounced in the patients with cirrhosis of viral and mixed etiology, when compared to those with alcoholic cirrhosis.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The paper has identified the most informative parameters characterizing portal hypertension and the reticuloendothelial function for all Child–Pugh defined classes of cirrhosis. These parameters include the increase of (99m) Tc-phytate accumulation in the spleen (S%) and bone marrow (Bm%); the liver and spleen uptake of the radiopharmaceutical in percentage from the administered activity (Lwb%, Swb%). The calculation of the remaining parameters is necessary for a detailed description of the organ function and for the assessment of the portal hypertension severity in repeated studies.</p></sec><sec><title>Summary</title><p>Summary. Criteria for the objective assessment of reticuloendothelial function and portal hypertension in diffuse liver diseases, including after liver transplantation, have been developed. Contrary to the control group, in patients with diffuse liver diseases, the radionuclide signs of hepatosplenomegaly (or a decreased liver size) with a predominant functional activity of the left lobe were identified, as were the changes in the quantitative parameters of the radiopharmaceutical uptake by the liver (Lwb%), including the radiopharmaceutical accumulation in the liver left lobe (Ll%), spleen (Swb%), bone marrow (Bm%), and the liver-to-spleen area ratio (Lar/Sar). The informative and reliable (p&lt;0.05) parameters of the function Lwb%, S%, Swb% and Bm% correlating with the cirrhosis classes assessed by Child–Pugh were identified. The radionuclide method, being highly reproducible one, can be recommended for an objective assessment of liver function and the detection of portal hypertension in hepatitis and cirrhosis, as well as for post-transplant monitoring of the liver function to prevent complications in the early and late postoperative periods.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сцинтиграфия печени с коллоидом</kwd><kwd>гепатит</kwd><kwd>цирроз печени</kwd><kwd>портальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>трансплантация печени</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>colloid liver scintigraphy</kwd><kwd>hepatitis</kwd><kwd>liver cirrhosis</kwd><kwd>portal hypertension</kwd><kwd>liver transplantation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Маевская М.В., Жаркова М.С., Тихонов И.Н., Федосьина Е.А., Павлов Ч.С. 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