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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transplantologiya</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансплантология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0909</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO Association of Transplantologists</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23873/2074-0506-2020-12-4-332-352</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transplantologiya-538</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ МЕДИЦИНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY OF MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ФЕНОМЕН ДЕМИХОВА. В Институте им. Н.В. Склифосовского (1960–1986 гг.). C.N. Barnard и первая клиническая пересадка сердца (3 декабря 1967 г.). В.П. Демихов и C.N. Barnard: точки соприкосновения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PHENOMENON OF DEMIKHOV. In the Sklifosovsky Institute (1960–1986). C.N. Barnard and the first clinical heart transplantation (December 3, 1967). V.P. Demikhov and C.N. Barnard: touchpoints</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2754-836X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глянцев</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glyantsev</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Павлович Глянцев, проф., д-р мед. наук, заведующий отделом истории сердечно-сосудистой хирургии, заведующий сектором истории медицины и фактографии отдела истории медицины  </p><p>121552, Москва, Рублевское ш., д. 135</p><p>105064, Москва, ул. Воронцово поле, д. 12, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey P. Glyantsev - Prof., Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of the History of Cardiovascular Surgery; Head of the History of Medicine and Factual Account Unit within the History of Medicine Department </p><p>135 Roublyevskoe Hwy., Moscow 121552 </p><p>12 Bldg. 1 Vorontsovo Pole St., Moscow 105064</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">spglyantsev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8839-3889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горелик</surname><given-names>Б. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorelik</surname><given-names>B. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борис Михайлович Горелик - канд. ист. наук, старший научный сотрудник Центра исследований юга Африки </p><p>123001, Москва, ул. Спиридоновка, д. 30/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris M. Gorelik - Сand. Sci. (Hist.), Senior Researcher, Center for South Africa Research</p><p>30/1 Spiridonovka St., Moscow 123001</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вернер</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Werner</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артур Вернер - доктор медицины, ординатор  </p><p>47805, Крефельд, Лутерплатц, д. 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artur Werner - Dr. Med., Resident Doctor  </p><p>40 Lutherplatz, Krefeld 47805</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ ССХ им. А.Н. Бакулева» МЗ РФ; ФГБНУ «ННИИ ОЗ им. Н.А. Семашко»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.N. Bakoulev National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery; N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт Африки РАН»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Institute for African Studies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клиника кардиоторакальной хирургии ХЕЛИОС-клиники Крефельда</institution><country>Германия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Cardiothoracic Surgery Clinic, HELIOS Hospital Krefeld</institution><country>Germany</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>332</fpage><lpage>352</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Глянцев С.П., Горелик Б.М., Вернер А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Глянцев С.П., Горелик Б.М., Вернер А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Glyantsev S.P., Gorelik B.M., Werner A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/538">https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/538</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье путем изучения доступных печатных, визуальных и вербальных источников из России, Южной Африки, США и Германии выявлены и проанализированы факты очного и заочного общения «отца» экспериментальной кардиотрансплантологии В.П. Демихова (Москва, СССР) и пионера клинической пересадки сердца C.N. Barnard (Кейптаун, Южная Африка). Показано, что методы операций на сердце, в том числе в условиях искусственного кровообращения, C.N. Barnard освоил в 1956–1958 гг. в США, а в дальнейшем усовершенствовал их у себя на родине – как в клинике (операции на сердце при пороках), так и в эксперименте (пересадка сердца). Основными событиями, предшествовавшими проведенной C.N. Barnard 3 декабря 1967 г. первой в мире пересадке сердца человеку, были его поездка в США в августе 1967 г. для изучения методов иммуносупрессии и выполненная им пересадка почки в Кейптауне в сентябре 1967 г. До этого времени C.N.Barnard побывал в СССР всего один раз, в мае 1960 г. как делегат XXVII Всесоюзного съезда хирургов. В Советском Союзе он посетил ряд клиник, занимавшихся хирургией сердца и пересадкой тканей и органов, включая Институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского, и встречался там с В.П. Демиховым, но ни поговорить с ним лично, ни посмотреть его операции C.N. Barnard не удалось. В декабре 1967 г. В.П. Демихов разговаривал с C.N. Barnard по телефону, но разговор носил сугубо профессиональный характер. Показаны различные подходы В.П. Демихова и C.N. Barnard к проблеме трансплантологии: если советский хирург больше внимания уделял технике пересадки, то южноафриканский хирург считал основой успеха решение иммунологических проблем. Тем не менее, о научных достижениях В.П. Демихова C.N. Barnard хорошо знал и использовал некоторые из них в своей хирургической практике. Авторы обосновали взаимоотношения В.П. Демихова и C.N. Barnard не как учителя и ученика (в узком смысле), а как идейного наставника и ученика (в широком смысле). Поэтому в широком, философском смысле советского хирурга можно считать одним из вдохновителей первой в мире пересадки сердца, доказавшей, в свою очередь, что его подвижнический труд не был напрасным.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Having studied the available printed, visual, and verbal sources from Russia, South Africa, the USA, and Germany, we have identified and reviewed in the article the facts of face-to-face and correspondence communication between V.P. Demikhov, the "father" of experimental heart transplantation (Moscow, USSR), and C.N. Barnard, a pioneer of clinical heart transplantation (Cape Town, South Africa). We have shown that C.N. Barnard mastered the heart surgery techniques, including those under conditions of artificial circulation, in the USA in 1956-1958, and later improved them in his homeland both in clinic (heart surgery for cardiac defects), and in the experiment (heart transplantation). The main events preceding the first world human heart transplant performed by C.N. Barnard on December 3, 1967, were his trip to the United States in August 1967 to study immunosuppression techniques, and the kidney transplantation he had performed in Cape Town in September, 1967. Prior to that time, C.N. Barnard had visited the USSR only once, in May 1960, as a delegate to the XXVII All-Union Congress of Surgeons. In the Soviet Union, he visited a number of clinics dealing with heart surgery and tissue and organ transplantation, including the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute for Emergency Medicine, where he met V.P. Demikhov, but C.N. Barnard could neither talk to him personally, nor watch his operations. In December 1967, V.P. Demikhov spoke with C.N. Barnard on the phone, but the conversation was highly professional. This paper has shown different approaches of V.P. Demikhov and C.N. Barnard to the transplantation problem: the Soviet surgeon paid more attention to the transplantation technique, meanwhile, the South African surgeon considered the solution of immunological problems to be the basis of success. Nevertheless, C.N. Barnard knew about V.P. Demikhov's scientific achievements and used some of them in his surgical practice. The authors have substantiated the interaction between V.P. Demikhov and C.N. Barnard as between an ideological mentor and a student (in a broad sense) rather than as a teacher and a student (in a narrow sense). Therefore, in a broad, philosophical sense, the Soviet surgeon can be considered one of the inspirers of the world's first heart transplantation, which, in turn, proved that his ascetic work was not in vain.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>история медицины</kwd><kwd>кардиотрансплантология</kwd><kwd>В.П. Демихов</kwd><kwd>C.N. Barnard</kwd><kwd>первая пересадка сердца</kwd><kwd>пересадка сердца в клинике</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>history of medicine</kwd><kwd>heart transplantation</kwd><kwd>V.P. Demikhov</kwd><kwd>C.N. Barnard</kwd><kwd>the first heart transplantation</kwd><kwd>in-clinic heart transplantation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы сердечно благодарят д-ра мед. наук, д-ра ист. наук, PhD in Philosophy, профессора Д.А. Балалыкина (Вирджиния, США) за ценные историко-философские комментарии, касающиеся мифических и реальных «точек соприкосновения» В.П. Демихова и C.N. Barnard (комментарий представлен после статьи). Авторы также благодарны сотруднику Музея сердца (Кейптаун, Южная Африка) архивисту Hanna Botha, любезно предоставившей копии материалов из личного архива C.N. Barnard</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors sincerely thank Professor D.A. Balalykin, PhD in Philosophy, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Dr. Sci. (Hist.), (Virginia, USA) for his valuable historical and philosophical comments concerning mythical and real "touchpoints" of V.P. Demikhov and C.N. Barnard. (The comment is provided after the article). The authors are also grateful to Hanna Botha, the Archivist of the Heart Museum (Cape Town, South Africa), who kindly provided copies of the material from C.N. Barnard's private archives</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Константинов Б.А. Предисловие. В кн.: Константинов Б.А. (ред.) Клиническая трансплантология. Москва: АирАрт; 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konstantinov BA. Predislovie.In: Konstantinov BA. (ed.) Klinicheskaya transplantologiya. Moscow: Air-Art Publ.; 2004. 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