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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transplantologiya</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансплантология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0909</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO Association of Transplantologists</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23873/2074-0506-2021-13-1-49-62</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transplantologiya-556</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Банки тканей. Мировой опыт. История развития и современные подходы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Tissue banks. World experience. The history of development and current approaches</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9592-7682</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Александр Сергеевич Миронов, канд. мед. наук, заведующий отделением консервирования тканей и производства трансплантатов с операционным блоком</p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Aleksandr S. Mironov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department for Tissue Preservation and Graft Manufacturing with an Operating Unit </p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8897-7523</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боровкова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borovkova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Наталья Валерьевна Боровкова, д-р мед. наук, заведующая научным отделением биотехнологий и трансфузиологии </p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Natalya V. Borovkova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Scientific Department of Biotechnologies and Transfusiology </p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2184-2982</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Максим Сергеевич Макаров, канд. биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения биотехнологий и трансфузиологии </p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Maksim S. Makarov, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher of the Department of Biotechnologies and Transfusiology </p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2523-6939</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарев</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarev</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Иван Николаевич Пономарев, канд. мед. наук, научный сотрудник отделения биотехнологий и трансфузиологии </p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Ivan N. Ponomarev, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Researcher of the Department of Biotechnologies and Transfusiology </p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8151-940X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреев</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreev</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Юлий Вадимович Андреев, канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения биотехнологий и трансфузиологии </p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Yuliy V. Andreev, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher of the Department of Biotechnologies and Transfusiology </p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AndreevUV@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Миронов А.С., Боровкова Н.В., Макаров М.С., Пономарев И.Н., Андреев Ю.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Миронов А.С., Боровкова Н.В., Макаров М.С., Пономарев И.Н., Андреев Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mironov A.S., Borovkova N.V., Makarov M.S., Ponomarev I.N., Andreev Y.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/556">https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/556</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье изложены основные этапы становления, развития и специализации медицинских учреждений, связанных с заготовкой аллогенных тканей, рассматривается общемировая практика в области тканевых учреждений с учетом медицинских и правовых аспектов. Во второй половине XX в. сложилась тенденция к укрупнению тканевых банков и расширению их функциональных возможностей внутри отдельных государств. Развитие этой тенденции в конце XX – начале XXI в. привело к созданию межнациональных ассоциаций по тканевым банкам. Целью международных ассоциаций тканевых банков является развитие кооперации, стандартизация процедур на всех этапах заготовки тканей, формирование эффективной законодательной базы. В Советском Союзе заготовка донорских тканей получила широкое развитие, однако в 90-е гг. в нашей стране произошло резкое сокращение этой отрасли. К настоящему времени в России заготовка аллогенных тканей ведется всего в нескольких учреждениях, развитие тканевых учреждений затруднено из-за отсутствия адекватной правовой базы. В статье предлагается законодательно разделить понятия «трансплантация органов» и «трансплантация тканей», в качестве примера приводится опыт США в этой сфере.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article outlines the main stages of the formation, development and specialization of medical institutions associated with the harvesting and procurement of allogeneic tissues, considers the global practice in the field of tissue institutions, taking into account medical and legal aspects. In the second half of the XX century, the tendency has developed towards the consolidation of tissue banks and the expansion of their functional capabilities within individual states. The development of this trend in the late XX - early XXI centuries led to the establishment of international tissue banking associations. The goal of international associations of tissue banks has been to develop cooperation, standardize procedures at all stages of tissue harvesting and procurement, and form an effective legislative framework. In the Soviet Union, the procurement of donor tissues was widely developing, but in the 90s, in our country there was an abrupt decline in this field. To date, in Russia, the harvesting and procurement of allogeneic tissues is carried out in only a few institutions; the development of tissue institutions is difficult due to the lack of an adequate legal framework. The article proposes to legally differentiate the concepts of "organ transplantation" and "tissue transplantation"; as an example, the US experience in this area is discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аллогенные ткани</kwd><kwd>трансплантаты</kwd><kwd>банк тканей</kwd><kwd>стандартизация</kwd><kwd>ассоциация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>allogeneic tissues</kwd><kwd>grafts</kwd><kwd>tissue bank</kwd><kwd>standardization</kwd><kwd>association</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reverdin JL. Greffe épidermique. Expérience faitedans le service de M. le docteur Gyon à l'Hôpital Necker. Bull Soc Imp Chir Paris. 1869;10(IIesérie):511–515.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reverdin JL. Greffe épidermique. Expérience faitedans le service de M. le docteur Gyon à l'Hôpital Necker. 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