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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transplantologiya</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансплантология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0909</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO Association of Transplantologists</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23873/2074-0506-2021-13-3-280-292</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transplantologiya-588</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Материалы, используемые для пластики связок коленного сустава</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Materials used for knee ligament grafting</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5864-5683</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Будаев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Budaev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антон Аркадьевич Будаев, научный сотрудник отделения биотехнологий и трансфузиологии</p><p>129090, Россия, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton A. Budaev, Researcher, the Department of Biotechnologies and Transfusiology</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">BudaevAA@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2184-2982</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Сергеевич Макаров, канд. биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения биотехнологий и трансфузиологии</p><p>129090, Россия, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim S. Makarov, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher, the Department of Biotechnologies and Transfusiology</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1256-2911</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сластинин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Slastinin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Викторович Сластинин, врач травматолог-ортопед Клинического медицинского центра; ассистент кафедры травматологии, ортопедии и медицины катастроф</p><p>127473, Россия, Москва, Делегатская ул., д. 20, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Slastinin, Traumatologist-Orthopedist; Assistant of the Department of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Disaster Medicine</p><p>1 Bldg. 20 Delegatskaya St., Moscow 127473</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8897-7523</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боровкова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borovkova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Валерьевна Боровкова, д-р мед. наук, заведующая научным отделением биотехнологий и трансфузиологии</p><p>129090, Россия, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya V. Borovkova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Scientific Department of Biotechnologies and Transfusiology</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клинический медицинский центр ФГБОУ ВО МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinical Medical Center, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>280</fpage><lpage>292</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Будаев А.А., Макаров М.С., Сластинин В.В., Боровкова Н.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Будаев А.А., Макаров М.С., Сластинин В.В., Боровкова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Budaev A.A., Makarov M.S., Slastinin V.V., Borovkova N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/588">https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/588</self-uri><abstract><p>Приведен обзор научной литературы в области производства трансплантатов, предназначенных для хирургической реконструкции разрыва связок. Для лечения разрыва связок в реконструктивно-пластической хирургии применяются синтетические имплантаты, аутологичные и аллогенные трансплантаты тканевых доноров. Преимуществом синтетических имплантатов является возможность их регулярного производства в стерильных условиях, а также обеспечения заданных механических характеристик и высокой биосовместимости. Однако синтетические имплантаты заметно повышают риск синовитов и других осложнений, не замещаются собственной тканью, не обладают способностью к репарации. Аутологичные трансплантаты связок могут быть получены из многих анатомических структур, не вызывают иммунологических осложнений, способны к нормальному и быстрому приживлению, лигаментизации. При этом происходит травмирование донорской области и высок риск повреждения ветвей нервов, увеличивается время операции, в некоторых случаях формируется неблагоприятный косметический эффект. Использование аутологичных трансплантатов также может быть ограничено анатомическими особенностями пациента. Использование аллогенного материала позволяет заранее готовить трансплантаты нужного размера. В настоящее время использование аллотрансплантатов связок заметно ограничено из-за отсутствия адекватных методик длительного хранения и стерилизации таких трансплантатов. Сведения о влиянии известных способов стерилизации (ионизирующее облучение, химическая стерилизация) на качество трансплантатов сухожилий неоднозначны. Делается вывод о том, что для оценки сохранности сухожилий необходима комплексная диагностика биомеханических функций, структуры волокон и клеток в составе трансплантата.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The authors have presented the review of scientific literature on producing grafts intended for surgical reconstruction of ligament ruptures. The treatment of ligament ruptures in reconstructive plastic surgery could be performed by using synthetic grafts, autologous and allogenic grafts from tissue donors. Advantages of synthetic grafts include the possibility of their regular manufacturing under sterile conditions, and providing mechanical properties, high biocompatibility. However, synthetic implants significantly increase the risk of synovitis and other complications, they can not be replaced by the native tissue, and have no ability to regeneration. Autologous grafts have ideal tissue compatibility and quick biointegration, could be harvested from different anatomical sites, but commonly the graft harvesting is followed by donor site morbidity and potential risk of injury nerves, elongates operation time, bad cosmetic results. The use of autografts may be also limited by anatomical features of the patient. Allogenic ligament biomaterial could provide wide range of grafts, but in our days there is no standardized methods for ligament graft sterilization and long storage. Wellknown sterilization methods, such as ionized radiation and chemical treatment, gave controversial results. One could conclude that estimation of ligament graft viability must include a complex study of biomechanical properties, cell and fibers integrity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синтетические имплантаты</kwd><kwd>аллогенные трансплантаты</kwd><kwd>аутологичные трансплантаты</kwd><kwd>реконструкция связок</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>synthetic implants</kwd><kwd>allograft</kwd><kwd>autologous grafts</kwd><kwd>ligament reconstruction</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы выражают благодарность ведущему научному сотруднику отделения неотложной травматологии опорно-двигательного аппарата ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ», канд. мед. наук Александру Юльевичу Ваза за научную консультацию и исправления в процессе написания статьи</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors express their gratitude to Alexandr Yu. Vaza, Cand. Sci. (Med.), the Leading Researcher of the Department of Urgent Musculoskeletal System Trauma of N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, for scientific advice and corrections in the process of writing this article</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дейкало В.П., Болобошко К.Б. Структура травм и заболеваний коленного сустава. Новости хирургии. 2007;15(1):26–31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deykalo VP, Boloboshko KB. Struktura travm i zabolevaniy kolennogo sustava. Novosti khirurgii. 2007;15(1):26–31. 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