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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transplantologiya</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансплантология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0909</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO Association of Transplantologists</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23873/2074-0506-2022-14-2-142-158</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transplantologiya-653</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ТРАНСПЛАНТОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ACTUAL ISSUES OF TRANSPLANTATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Модифицированная техника кавокавостомии при трансплантации печени от посмертного донора</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modified cavocavostomy technique for deceased donor liver transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5691-5398</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Восканян</surname><given-names>С. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voskanyan</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Эдуардович Восканян, чл.-корр. РАН, проф., д-р мед. наук, заместитель главного врача по хирургической помощи – руководитель Центра хирургии и трансплантологии</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey E. Voskanyan, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof., Dr. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Chief Physician for Surgical Care – Head of Surgery and Transplantation Center</p><p>23 Marshal Novikov St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">voskanyan_se@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-5945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артемьев</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemyev</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Игоревич Артемьев, канд. мед. наук, заведующий хирургическим отделением № 2</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey I. Artemyev, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of Surgical Department № 2</p><p>23 Marshal Novikov St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1561-6268</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сушков</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sushkov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Игоревич Сушков, канд. мед. наук, заведующий лабораторией новых хирургических технологий</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander I. Sushkov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of Laboratory of New Surgical Technologies</p><p>23 Marshal Novikov St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sushkov.transpl@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9006-163X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Губарев</surname><given-names>К. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gubarev</surname><given-names>K. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Константин Константинович Губарев, канд. мед. наук, заведующий хирургическим отделением координации донорства органов и (или) тканей человека</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin K. Gubarev, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Surgical Department for the Coordination of Donation of Organs and (or) Human Tissues</p><p>23 Marshal Novikov St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2274-6204</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Светлакова</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svetlakova</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дарья Сергеевна Светлакова, врач-хирург хирургического отделения по координации донорства органов и (или) тканей человека, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории новых хирургических технологий</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria S. Svetlakova, Surgeon, Surgical Department for the Coordination of Donation of Organs and (or) Human Tissues, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of New Surgical Technologies</p><p>23 Marshal Novikov St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6558-7143</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Васильевич Попов, канд. мед. наук, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории новых хирургических технологий</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maxim V. Popov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Junior Researcher, Laboratory of New Surgical Technologies</p><p>23 Marshal Novikov St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3171-6621</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рудаков</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudakov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Сергеевич Рудаков, канд. мед. наук, врач-хирург хирургического отделения по координации донорства органов и (или) тканей человека</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir S. Rudakov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Surgeon, Surgical Department for the Coordination of Donation of Organs and (or) Human Tissues</p><p>23 Marshal Novikov St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4560-6415</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Башков</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bashkov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Николаевич Башков, канд. мед. наук, заведующий отделением лучевой и радиоизотопной диагностики</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey N. Bashkov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of Radiology Department</p><p>23 Marshal Novikov St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9753-4345</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Найденов</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naydenov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Владимирович Найденов, канд. мед. наук, врач-хирург хирургического отделения № 2, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории новых хирургических технологий</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny V. Naydenov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Surgeon, Surgical Department № 2; Senior Researcher, Laboratory of New Surgical Technologies</p><p>23 Marshal Novikov St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4967-1588</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муктаржан</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muktarzhan</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марлен Муктаржан, врач-хирург хирургического отделения по координации донорства органов и (или) тканей человека</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marlen Muktarzhan, Surgeon, Surgical Department for the Coordination of Donation of Organs and (or) Human Tissues</p><p>23 Marshal Novikov St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ ГНЦ ФМБЦ им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>142</fpage><lpage>158</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Восканян С.Э., Артемьев А.И., Сушков А.И., Губарев К.К., Светлакова Д.С., Попов М.В., Рудаков В.С., Башков А.Н., Найденов Е.В., Муктаржан М., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Восканян С.Э., Артемьев А.И., Сушков А.И., Губарев К.К., Светлакова Д.С., Попов М.В., Рудаков В.С., Башков А.Н., Найденов Е.В., Муктаржан М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voskanyan S.E., Artemyev A.I., Sushkov A.I., Gubarev K.K., Svetlakova D.S., Popov M.V., Rudakov V.S., Bashkov A.N., Naydenov E.V., Muktarzhan M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/653">https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/653</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Совершенствование техники трансплантации печени, разработка и внедрение в клиническую практику новых хирургических технологий, в том числе выполнения каво-кавальной реконструкции, являются важными направлениями улучшения непосредственных результатов операций.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Представить собственную модификацию кавокавостомии и варианты ее технического выполнения при трансплантации печени посмертного донора, изучить клинические эффекты и влияние новой хирургической техники на исходы операций.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В ретроспективное одноцентровое исследование включены данные о 109 трансплантациях печени от посмертного донора, выполненных последовательно в период с 2012 по 2021 г. При 106 операциях кавокавальную реконструкцю проводили либо по классической методике T. Starzl (с резекцией позадипеченочного отдела нижней полой вены) – группа 1 (n=23, 22%), либо с использованием собственной модификации кавокавостомии – группа 2 (n=83, 78%). Для оценки клинической эффективности и безопасности новой хирургической техники проведено сравнение характеристик доноров и реципиентов, интраоперационных параметров, особенностей течения раннего послеоперационного периода, частоты хирургических осложнений, начальной функции, непосредственной и отдаленной выживаемости трансплантатов. Три операции, выполненные по методике piggyback, в сравнительный анализ не включались.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Сравниваемые группы в целом были сопоставимы по характеристикам доноров и реципиентов, однако классическая каво-кавальная реконструкция достоверно чаще использовалась при выполнении операций по поводу нерезектабельных паразитарных поражений печени (17% против 1%, p=0,008) и ретрансплантациях (30% против 5%, p=0,002). Статистически значимых различий по основным интраоперационным параметрам между группами 1 и 2 установлено не было. Продолжительность трансплантаций составила 8,0 ч (интерквартильный размах: 6,5–8,5 ч) и 7,0 ч (интерквартильный размах: 6,0–8,0 ч), p=0,112; беспеченочного периода – 70 мин (интерквартильный размах: 60–75 мин) и 70 мин (интерквартильный размах: 59–90 мин), p=0,386; тепловой ишемии – 45 мин (интерквартильный размах: 38–52 мин) и 45 мин (интерквартильный размах: 38–50 мин), p=0,690; пережатия нижней полой вены – 47 мин (интерквартильный размах: 40–55 мин) и 50 мин (интерквартильный размах: 40–55 мин), p=0,532. Объемы интраоперационной трансфузии компонентов крови составили соответственно: эритроцитарная масса – 630 мл (интерквартильный размах: 0–1280 мл) и 600 мл (интерквартильный размах: 0–910 мл), p=0,262; реинфузия крови отмытых эритроцитов – 770 мл (интерквартильный размах: 360–1200 мл) и 700 мл (интерквартильный размах: 0–1200 мл), p=0,370; свежезамороженная плазма – 2670 мл (интерквартильный размах: 2200 и 3200 мл) и 2240 мл (интерквартильный размах: 1880–2900 мл), p=0,087.</p><p>При использовании классической техники кавальной реконструкции чаще регистрировалась ранняя дисфункция трансплантатов: 44% против 17% (p=0,011), что обусловлено большей частотой ретрансплантаций в этой группе. Частота острого почечного повреждения (по RIFLE&gt;I) составила 35 и 19% (p=0,158), потребность в заместительной почечной терапии – 22 и 15% (p=0,520). Суммарная частота хирургических осложнений в раннем послеоперационном периоде составила в группах 30 и 16%, p=0,110.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Предлагаемый способ кавокавостомии возможно рассматривать в качестве приоритетного метода выполнения кавальной реконструкции при пересадке печени от посмертного донора за исключением специфических показаний к использованию классической техники (ретрансплантация в отдаленные сроки, вовлечение стенки нижней полой вены в паразитарный процесс или предлежание к ней опухолевого узла, а также в случаях распространенного спаечного процесса в брюшной полости, резкой гипертрофии сегмента 1 нативной печени, наличия и особенностей расположения TIPS, истончения стенки позадипеченочного отдела нижней полой вены, риска компрессии трансплантата при его большом размере).</p><p>Выбор варианта кавокавостомии следует осуществлять с учетом соотношения размеров трансплантата и правого поддиафрагмального пространства реципиента, особенностей топографии печеночных вен реципиента.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Rationale</title><p>Rationale. The refinement of liver transplantation technique, the development and implementation of new surgical technologies into clinical practice, including those for inferior vena cava reconstruction, are important for the improvement of surgery outcomes.</p><p>The study purposes were to present our own modification of cavocavostomy and options for its technical implementation in deceased donor liver transplantation, as well as to study the clinical effects and the impact of new surgical technique on the outcomes.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. A retrospective, single-centre study included the data from 109 consecutive deceased donor liver transplantations performed between 2012 and 2021. In 106 procedures, inferior vena cava reconstruction was performed either according to the classic technique (group 1, n=23, 22%), or using our own modification of cavocavostomy (group 2, n=83, 78%). To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of the new surgical technique, we compared the characteristics of donors and recipients, intraoperative parameters, features of early postoperative course, incidence of surgical complications, initial function, immediate and long-term graft survival. Three piggyback procedures were not included in the comparative analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Two groups were generally comparable in terms of the characteristics of donors and recipients, however, the classic inferior vena cava was significantly more often used during transplants for unresectable parasitic liver lesions (17% vs. 1%, p=0.008) and retransplantations (30% vs. 5%, p=0.002). There were no statistically significant differences in the main intraoperative parameters between groups 1 and 2. The duration of transplantations was 8.0 h (interquartile range: 6.5–8.5 h) and 7.0 h (interquartile range: 6.0–8.0 h), p=0.112; anhepatic phase lasted 70 min (interquartile range: 60–75 min) and 70 min (interquartile range: 59–90 min), p=0.386; warm ischemia time was 45 min (interquartile range: 38–52 min) and 45 min (interquartile range: 38–50 min), p=0.690; inferior vena cava was clamped for 47 min (interquartile range: 40–55 min) and 50 min (interquartile range: 40–55 min), p=0.532. The volumes of intraoperatively transfused blood components were, respectively: packed red cells 630 ml (interquartile range: 0–1280 ml) and 600 ml (interquartile range: 0–910 ml), p=0.262; blood reinfusion 770 ml (interquartile range: 360–1200 ml) and 700 ml (interquartile range: 0–1200 ml), p=0.370; fresh frozen plasma 2670 ml (interquartile range: 2200 and 3200 ml) and 2240 ml (interquartile range: 1880–2900 ml), p=0.087.</p><p>When using classic caval reconstruction technique, the proportion of grafts with early dysfunction was higher: 44% vs. 17% (p=0.011), due to the higher rate of retransplantations in this group. The incidence of acute kidney injury (by RIFLE &gt; I) was 35% and 19% (p=0.158), the need for renal replacement therapy was 22% and 15% (p=0.520) in group 1 and group 2, respectively. The total incidence of surgical complications in the early postoperative period was 30% and 16%, p=0.110.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The proposed technique of cavocavostomy can be considered as a priority method for caval reconstruction during deceased donor liver transplantation, with the exception of specific indications for the use of the classic technique (retransplantation, involvement of the inferior vena cava wall in a parasitic process or presentation of a tumor node to it, as well as in cases of widespread adhesive process in the abdominal cavity, hypertrophy of the 1 segment of the native liver, the presence and location of TIPS, thinning of the wall of the retrohepatic inferior vena cava, the risk of graft compression with its large size).</p><p>The choice of the cavocavostomy variant should be carried out taking into account the size ratio of the graft to the recipient's right subdiaphragmatic space, and the topography features of the recipient's hepatic veins.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация печени</kwd><kwd>каво-кавальная реконструкция</kwd><kwd>кавокавостомия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>liver transplantation</kwd><kwd>inferior vena cava reconstruction</kwd><kwd>cavocavostomy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Starzl TE, Marchioro TL, Vonkaulla KN, Hermann G, Brittain RS, Waddell WR. 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