<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transplantologiya</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансплантология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0909</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO Association of Transplantologists</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transplantologiya-68</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современная клинико-инструментальная диагностика смерти мозга</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern clinical and instrumental diagnosis of brain death</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стулин</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stulin</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">stu-clinic@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мусин</surname><given-names>Р. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Musin</surname><given-names>R. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солонский</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solonsky</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синкин</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinkin</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская клиническая больница № 11, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital № 11, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>02</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Стулин И.Д., Мусин Р.С., Солонский Д.С., Синкин М.В., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стулин И.Д., Мусин Р.С., Солонский Д.С., Синкин М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stulin I.D., Musin R.S., Solonsky D.S., Sinkin M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/68">https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/68</self-uri><abstract><p>Чрезвычайно большая этическая важность констатации смерти на основании неврологических критериев задает высочайшую планку для точности, быстроты и безопасности диагностики. В большинстве случаев клиническая картина смерти мозга осложняется наличием травм лица, спонтанными или индуцированными автоматизмами, невозможностью безопасно провести разъединительный тест. Современная тенденция состоит в использовании в сложных случаях дополнительных подтверждающих тестов. В мировой литературе обсуждается значительное сокращение времени наблюдения либо полный отказ от повторного осмотра. В условиях увеличения количества донорских центров и все большего понимания этической и экономической нецелесообразности бесполезной реанимации современная, основанная на доказательной медицине законодательная схема диагностики смерти мозга приобретает очень большую важность.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Extremely large ethical importance of ascertaining death based on neurological criteria sets the highest benchmark for the accuracy, speed and security of diagnostics. In most cases, the clinical picture of the death of brain is complicated by face injuries, spontaneous or induced automatisms, inability to carry out an isolation test safely. The modern trendis to use additional confirmatory tests in difficult cases. A significant reduction of the observation time or complete rejection of the re-examination are discussing in the world literature. With the increased number of donor centers and the growing sense of ethical and economical unreasonableness of a futile resuscitation, modern, evidence-based legislative scheme of brain death diagnosis is very important.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>смерть мозга</kwd><kwd>клиника</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>внутримозговой кровоток</kwd><kwd>церебральные функции</kwd><kwd>автоматизмы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>brain death</kwd><kwd>clinical diagnostics</kwd><kwd>intracerebral blood flow</kwd><kwd>cerebral function</kwd><kwd>automatism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">О трансплантации органов и (или) тканей человека: Закон Российской Федерации № 4180-1 от 22 декабря 1992 г. (ред. от 29.11.2007 г.). – URL: http://www.newparlament.ru/docs/ view/2139</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">О трансплантации органов и (или) тканей человека: Закон Российской Федерации № 4180-1 от 22 декабря 1992 г. (ред. от 29.11.2007 г.). – URL: http://www.newparlament.ru/docs/ view/2139</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Об утверждении Инструкции по констатации смерти человека на основании диагноза смерти мозга: Приказ Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации № 460 от 20 декабря 2001 г. // Российская газета. – 2002. – № 18. – 30 января.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Об утверждении Инструкции по констатации смерти человека на основании диагноза смерти мозга: Приказ Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации № 460 от 20 декабря 2001 г. // Российская газета. – 2002. – № 18. – 30 января.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гнездицкий, В.В. Вызванные потенциалы мозга в клинической практике / В.В. Гнездицкий. – М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2003. – 264 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гнездицкий, В.В. Вызванные потенциалы мозга в клинической практике / В.В. Гнездицкий. – М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2003. – 264 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гурвич, А.М. Электрическая активность умирающего и оживающего мозга / А.М. Гурвич. – Л.: Медицина, 1966. – 191 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гурвич, А.М. Электрическая активность умирающего и оживающего мозга / А.М. Гурвич. – Л.: Медицина, 1966. – 191 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карлов, В.А. Сложное ультразвуковое сканирование, допплеросонография, телетермография, инфракрасная радиометрия при исследовании кровообращения по сонным артериям / В.А. Карлов, И.Д. Стулин, Ю.И. Богин // Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова – 1981. – № 9. – С. 1307–1314.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Карлов, В.А. Сложное ультразвуковое сканирование, допплеросонография, телетермография, инфракрасная радиометрия при исследовании кровообращения по сонным артериям / В.А. Карлов, И.Д. Стулин, Ю.И. Богин // Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова – 1981. – № 9. – С. 1307–1314.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Корниенко, В.Н. Функциональная церебральная ангиография / В.Н. Корниенко. – Л.: Медицина, 1981. – 216 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Корниенко, В.Н. Функциональная церебральная ангиография / В.Н. Корниенко. – Л.: Медицина, 1981. – 216 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мусин, Р.С. Возможности ультразвуковых и тепловизионных методов в диагностике острого периода инсульта: Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук / Р.С. Мусин. – М., 1995.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Мусин, Р.С. Возможности ультразвуковых и тепловизионных методов в диагностике острого периода инсульта: Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук / Р.С. Мусин. – М., 1995.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попова, Л.М. Нейрореаниматология / Л.М. Попова. – М.: Медицина, 1983. – 271 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Попова, Л.М. Нейрореаниматология / Л.М. Попова. – М.: Медицина, 1983. – 271 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Современная неинвазивная диагностика смерти мозга / И.Д. Стулин, А.О. Мнушкин, Р.С. Мусин [и др.] // Медицина критических состояний. – 2004. – № 4. – С. 3–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Современная неинвазивная диагностика смерти мозга / И.Д. Стулин, А.О. Мнушкин, Р.С. Мусин [и др.] // Медицина критических состояний. – 2004. – № 4. – С. 3–13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Диагностика смерти мозга / И.Д. Стулин, М.В. Синкин, Д.С. Солонский и др.; Под ред. И.Д. Стулина. – М.: ГЭОТАР- Медиа, 2010. – 112 с.: ил. – (Б-ка врача-специалиста).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Диагностика смерти мозга / И.Д. Стулин, М.В. Синкин, Д.С. Солонский и др.; Под ред. И.Д. Стулина. – М.: ГЭОТАР- Медиа, 2010. – 112 с.: ил. – (Б-ка врача-специалиста).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стулин И.Д., Синкин М.В. Современная клинико-инструментальная диагностика смерти мозга // Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. – 2006. – № 1. – С. 58–64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Стулин И.Д., Синкин М.В. Современная клинико-инструментальная диагностика смерти мозга // Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. – 2006. – № 1. – С. 58–64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стулин, И.Д. Неинвазивные методы исследования в диагностике смерти мозга / И.Д. Стулин, М.В. Тардов, И.А. Измайлов // Избранные вопросы неврологии и нейрохирургии: Тез. докл.республиканской школы-семинара, г. Ступино, 27–29 мая 1997. – С. 75–76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Стулин, И.Д. Неинвазивные методы исследования в диагностике смерти мозга / И.Д. Стулин, М.В. Тардов, И.А. Измайлов // Избранные вопросы неврологии и нейрохирургии: Тез. докл.республиканской школы-семинара, г. Ступино, 27–29 мая 1997. – С. 75–76.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стулин И.Д., Мусин Р.С., Шибалев А.Л. и др. Современная комплексная неинвазивная диагностика смерти мозга // Нейродиагностика и высокие биомедицинские технологии. – 2005. – № 1. – С. 18–27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Стулин И.Д., Мусин Р.С., Шибалев А.Л. и др. Современная комплексная неинвазивная диагностика смерти мозга // Нейродиагностика и высокие биомедицинские технологии. – 2005. – № 1. – С. 18–27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Уолкер, А.Э. Смерть мозга / А.Э. Уолкер. – М.: Медицина, 1988. – 287 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Уолкер, А.Э. Смерть мозга / А.Э. Уолкер. – М.: Медицина, 1988. – 287 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A definition of irreversible coma: report of Ad Hoc Committee of the Harvard Medical School to Examine the Definition of Brain Death // JAMA. – 1968. – Vol. 205, N 6. – P. 337–340.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A definition of irreversible coma: report of Ad Hoc Committee of the Harvard Medical School to Examine the Definition of Brain Death // JAMA. – 1968. – Vol. 205, N 6. – P. 337–340.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">American Academy of Neurology Practice Parameters for Determining Brain Death in Adults (summary statement) // Neurology. – 1995. – Vol. 45, N 5. – P. 1012–1014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">American Academy of Neurology Practice Parameters for Determining Brain Death in Adults (summary statement) // Neurology. – 1995. – Vol. 45, N 5. – P. 1012–1014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">An appraisal of the criteria of cerebral death, a summary statement of a collaborative study // JAMA. – 1977. – Vol. 237, N 10. – P. 982–986.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">An appraisal of the criteria of cerebral death, a summary statement of a collaborative study // JAMA. – 1977. – Vol. 237, N 10. – P. 982–986.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bergquist, E. Angiography in cerebral death / E. Bergquist, K. Bergstorm // Acta Radiol. – 1972. – Vol. 12, N 3. – P. 283–288.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bergquist, E. Angiography in cerebral death / E. Bergquist, K. Bergstorm // Acta Radiol. – 1972. – Vol. 12, N 3. – P. 283–288.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bitzani M., Matamis D., Nalbandi V. et al. Resting energy expenditure in brain death // Intensive Care Med. – 1999. – Vol. 25, N 9. – P. 970–976.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bitzani M., Matamis D., Nalbandi V. et al. Resting energy expenditure in brain death // Intensive Care Med. – 1999. – Vol. 25, N 9. – P. 970–976.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bonetti M.G., Ciritella P., Valle G. et al. 99mTc-PAO brain perfusion SPECT in brain death // Neuroradiology. – 1995. – Vol. 37, N 5. – P. 365–369.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bonetti M.G., Ciritella P., Valle G. et al. 99mTc-PAO brain perfusion SPECT in brain death // Neuroradiology. – 1995. – Vol. 37, N 5. – P. 365–369.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buchner, H. Reliability of electroencephalogram in the diagnosis of brain death / H. Buchner, V. Schuchardt // Eur. Neurol. – 1990. – Vol. 30, N 3. – P. 138–141.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buchner, H. Reliability of electroencephalogram in the diagnosis of brain death / H. Buchner, V. Schuchardt // Eur. Neurol. – 1990. – Vol. 30, N 3. – P. 138–141.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Danzl, D.F. Accidental hypothermia / D.F. Danzl, R.S. Pozos // N. Engl. J. Med. – 1994. – Vol. 331, N 26. – P. 1756–1760.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danzl, D.F. Accidental hypothermia / D.F. Danzl, R.S. Pozos // N. Engl. J. Med. – 1994. – Vol. 331, N 26. – P. 1756–1760.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dosemeci L., Dora B., Yilmaz M. et al. Utility of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography for confirmatory diagnosis of brain death: two sides of the coin // Transplantation. – 2004. – Vol. 77, N 1. – P. 71–75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dosemeci L., Dora B., Yilmaz M. et al. Utility of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography for confirmatory diagnosis of brain death: two sides of the coin // Transplantation. – 2004. – Vol. 77, N 1. – P. 71–75.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ducrocq X., Braun M., Debouverie M. et al. Brain death and transcranial Doppler: experience in 130 cases of brain dead patients // J. Neurol. Sci. – 1998. – Vol. 160, N 1. – P. 41–46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ducrocq X., Braun M., Debouverie M. et al. Brain death and transcranial Doppler: experience in 130 cases of brain dead patients // J. Neurol. Sci. – 1998. – Vol. 160, N 1. – P. 41–46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ducrocq X., Hassler W., Moritake K. et al. Consensus opinion on diagnosis of cerebral circulatory arrest using Doppler-sonography: Task Force Group on Cerebral Death of the Neurosonology Research Group of the World Federation of Neurology // J. Neurol. Sci. – 1998. – Vol. 159, N 2. – P. 145–150.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ducrocq X., Hassler W., Moritake K. et al. Consensus opinion on diagnosis of cerebral circulatory arrest using Doppler-sonography: Task Force Group on Cerebral Death of the Neurosonology Research Group of the World Federation of Neurology // J. Neurol. Sci. – 1998. – Vol. 159, N 2. – P. 145–150.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dujardin K.S., McCully R.B., Wijdicks E.F. et al. Myocardial dysfunction associated with brain death: clinical, echocardiographic, and pathologic features // J Heart Lung Transplant. – 2001. – Vol. 20, N 3. – P. 350–357.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dujardin K.S., McCully R.B., Wijdicks E.F. et al. Myocardial dysfunction associated with brain death: clinical, echocardiographic, and pathologic features // J Heart Lung Transplant. – 2001. – Vol. 20, N 3. – P. 350–357.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fitzpatrick, R.C. Probing the human vestibular system with galvanic stimulation / R.C. Fitzpatrick, B.L. Day // J. Appl. Physiol. – 2004. – Vol. 96, N 6. – P. 2301–2316.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fitzpatrick, R.C. Probing the human vestibular system with galvanic stimulation / R.C. Fitzpatrick, B.L. Day // J. Appl. Physiol. – 2004. – Vol. 96, N 6. – P. 2301–2316.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goudreau, J.K. Complications during apnea testing in the determination of brain death: predisposing factors / J.K. Goudreau, E.F. Wijdicks, S.F. Emery // Neurology. – 2000. – Vol. 55, N 7. – P. 1045–1048.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goudreau, J.K. Complications during apnea testing in the determination of brain death: predisposing factors / J.K. Goudreau, E.F. Wijdicks, S.F. Emery // Neurology. – 2000. – Vol. 55, N 7. – P. 1045–1048.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gramm H.J., Mainhold H., Bickel U. et al. Acute endocrine failure after brain death? // Transplantation. – 1992. – Vol. 54, N 5. – P. 851–857.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gramm H.J., Mainhold H., Bickel U. et al. Acute endocrine failure after brain death? // Transplantation. – 1992. – Vol. 54, N 5. – P. 851–857.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haupt, W.F. European brain death codes: comparison of national guidelines / W.F. Haupt, J. Rudolf // J. Neurol. – 1999. – Vol. 246, N 6. – P. 432–437.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haupt, W.F. European brain death codes: comparison of national guidelines / W.F. Haupt, J. Rudolf // J. Neurol. – 1999. – Vol. 246, N 6. – P. 432–437.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heckmann J.G., Lang C.J., Pfau M. et al. Electrocerebral silence with preserved but reduced cortical brain perfusion // Eur. J. Emerg. Med. – 2003. – Vol. 10, N 3. – P. 241–243.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heckmann J.G., Lang C.J., Pfau M. et al. Electrocerebral silence with preserved but reduced cortical brain perfusion // Eur. J. Emerg. Med. – 2003. – Vol. 10, N 3. – P. 241–243.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jepsson, S. Echoencephalographya: a method for recording the intracranial pressure / S. Jepsson // Acta Chir. Scand. – 1964. – Vol. 128, N. – P. 218–223. 33. Jeret, J.S. Risk of hypotension during apnea testing / J.S. Jeret, J.L. Benjamin // Arch. Neurol. – 1994. – Vol. 51, N 6. – P. 595–599.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jepsson, S. Echoencephalographya: a method for recording the intracranial pressure / S. Jepsson // Acta Chir. Scand. – 1964. – Vol. 128, N. – P. 218–223. 33. Jeret, J.S. Risk of hypotension during apnea testing / J.S. Jeret, J.L. Benjamin // Arch. Neurol. – 1994. – Vol. 51, N 6. – P. 595–599.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kricheff I.I., Punto R.S., George A.E. et al. Angiographic findings in brain death // Ann. NY Acad. Sci. – 1978. – Vol. 315, N. – P. 168–183.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kricheff I.I., Punto R.S., George A.E. et al. Angiographic findings in brain death // Ann. NY Acad. Sci. – 1978. – Vol. 315, N. – P. 168–183.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lampl Y., Gilad R., Eschel Y. et al. Diagnosing brain death using the transcranial Doppler with a transorbital approach // Arch. Neurol. – 2002. – Vol. 59, N 1. – P. 58–60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lampl Y., Gilad R., Eschel Y. et al. Diagnosing brain death using the transcranial Doppler with a transorbital approach // Arch. Neurol. – 2002. – Vol. 59, N 1. – P. 58–60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Logigian, E.L. Terminal electrocardiographic changes in brain-dead patients / E.L. Logigian, A.H. Ropper // Neurology. – 1985. – Vol. 35, N 6. – P. 915–918.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Logigian, E.L. Terminal electrocardiographic changes in brain-dead patients / E.L. Logigian, A.H. Ropper // Neurology. – 1985. – Vol. 35, N 6. – P. 915–918.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lovblad, K.O. Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance imaging in Brain Death / K.O. Lovblad, C. Basssetti // Stroke. – 2000. – Vol. 31, N 2. – P. 539– 542.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lovblad, K.O. Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance imaging in Brain Death / K.O. Lovblad, C. Basssetti // Stroke. – 2000. – Vol. 31, N 2. – P. 539– 542.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marmarou, A. Intracranial pressure monitoring: techniques and pitfalls / A. Marmarou, K. Tabaddor // Head injury / ed. P.R. Cooper. – 3rd ed. – Baltimore: Williams&amp;Wilkins, 1993. – P. 247–274.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marmarou, A. Intracranial pressure monitoring: techniques and pitfalls / A. Marmarou, K. Tabaddor // Head injury / ed. P.R. Cooper. – 3rd ed. – Baltimore: Williams&amp;Wilkins, 1993. – P. 247–274.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marmarou, A. Intracranial pressure: physiology and pathophysiology/ A. Marmarou, K. Tabaddor // Head injury / ed. P.R. Cooper. – 3rd ed. – Baltimore: Williams&amp;Wilkins, 1993. – P. 203–224.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marmarou, A. Intracranial pressure: physiology and pathophysiology/ A. Marmarou, K. Tabaddor // Head injury / ed. P.R. Cooper. – 3rd ed. – Baltimore: Williams&amp;Wilkins, 1993. – P. 203–224.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mollaret, P. Le coma depasse (memoire preliminaire) / P. Mollaret, M. Goulon // Rev. Neurol. – 1959. – Vol. 101, N. – P. 3–15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mollaret, P. Le coma depasse (memoire preliminaire) / P. Mollaret, M. Goulon // Rev. Neurol. – 1959. – Vol. 101, N. – P. 3–15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Payen D.M., Lamer C., Pilorget A. et al. Evaluation of pulsed Doppler common carotid blood flow as a noninvasive method for brain death diagnosis: a prospective study // Anesthesiology. – 1990. – Vol. 72, N 2. – P. 222–229.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Payen D.M., Lamer C., Pilorget A. et al. Evaluation of pulsed Doppler common carotid blood flow as a noninvasive method for brain death diagnosis: a prospective study // Anesthesiology. – 1990. – Vol. 72, N 2. – P. 222–229.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petty G.W., Mohr J.P., Pedley T.A. et al. The role of transcranial Doppler in confirming brain death: sensitivity, specificity and suggestions in performance and interpretation //Neurology. – 1990. – Vol. 40, N 2. – P. 300–303.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petty G.W., Mohr J.P., Pedley T.A. et al. The role of transcranial Doppler in confirming brain death: sensitivity, specificity and suggestions in performance and interpretation //Neurology. – 1990. – Vol. 40, N 2. – P. 300–303.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Power, B.M. The physiological changes associated with brain death – current concepts and implications for treatment of the brain dead organ donor / B.M. Power, P.V. Van Heern // Anaest. Intensive Care. – 1995. – Vol. 23, N 1. – P. 26–36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Power, B.M. The physiological changes associated with brain death – current concepts and implications for treatment of the brain dead organ donor / B.M. Power, P.V. Van Heern // Anaest. Intensive Care. – 1995. – Vol. 23, N 1. – P. 26–36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Powner, D.J. Drug-associated isoelectric EEGs. A hazard in brain-death certification / D.J. Powner // JAMA. – 1976. – Vol. 236, N 10. – P. 1123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Powner, D.J. Drug-associated isoelectric EEGs. A hazard in brain-death certification / D.J. Powner // JAMA. – 1976. – Vol. 236, N 10. – P. 1123.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rohling R., Wagner W., M hlberg J. et al. Apnea test: pitfalls and correct handling // Transplant. Proc. – 1986. – Vol. 18. – P. 388–390.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rohling R., Wagner W., M hlberg J. et al. Apnea test: pitfalls and correct handling // Transplant. Proc. – 1986. – Vol. 18. – P. 388–390.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saposnik G., Bueri J.A., Maurino J. et al. Spontaneous and reflex movement in brain death // Neurology. – 2000. – Vol. 54, N 1. – P. 221–223.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saposnik G., Bueri J.A., Maurino J. et al. Spontaneous and reflex movement in brain death // Neurology. – 2000. – Vol. 54, N 1. – P. 221–223.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saposnik, G. Pneumotorax and pneumoperitoneum during the apnea test / G. Saposnik, G. Rizzo, J.L. Deluca // Arq. Neuropsiquiatr. – 2000. – Vol. 58, N 3 B. – P. 905–908.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saposnik, G. Pneumotorax and pneumoperitoneum during the apnea test / G. Saposnik, G. Rizzo, J.L. Deluca // Arq. Neuropsiquiatr. – 2000. – Vol. 58, N 3 B. – P. 905–908.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shafer, J.A. Duration of apnea needed to confirm brain death / J.A. Shafer, J. Caronna // Neurology. – 1978. – Vol. 28, N 7. – P. 661–666.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shafer, J.A. Duration of apnea needed to confirm brain death / J.A. Shafer, J. Caronna // Neurology. – 1978. – Vol. 28, N 7. – P. 661–666.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sloan M.A., Alexandrov A.V., Tegeler C.H. et al. Assessment: Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography: Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology // Neurology.- 2004. – Vol. 62, N 9. – P. 1468–1481.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sloan M.A., Alexandrov A.V., Tegeler C.H. et al. Assessment: Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography: Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology // Neurology.- 2004. – Vol. 62, N 9. – P. 1468–1481.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stulin I.D., Sinkin M.V., Shibalev A.L. et al. Diagnosis of brain death in Russia: Experience of mobile neurodiagnostic group // Abstracts 8th Congress of the European Federation of Neurological Societies, Paris, France, 4–7 september, 2004. – Paris, 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stulin I.D., Sinkin M.V., Shibalev A.L. et al. Diagnosis of brain death in Russia: Experience of mobile neurodiagnostic group // Abstracts 8th Congress of the European Federation of Neurological Societies, Paris, France, 4–7 september, 2004. – Paris, 2004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tourchaninoff M., Hatson P., Mahieu P., Guerit J.M. Brain death diagnosis in misleading conditions // Q. J. Med. – 1999. – Vol. 92, N 7. – P. 407–414.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tourchaninoff M., Hatson P., Mahieu P., Guerit J.M. Brain death diagnosis in misleading conditions // Q. J. Med. – 1999. – Vol. 92, N 7. – P. 407–414.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wijdicks, E.F. Determining brain death in adults / E.F. Wijdicks // Neurology. – 1995. – Vol. 45, N 5. – P. 1003–1011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wijdicks, E.F. Determining brain death in adults / E.F. Wijdicks // Neurology. – 1995. – Vol. 45, N 5. – P. 1003–1011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wijdicks, E.F. Brain Death / E.F. Wijdicks. – Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams&amp;Wilkins, 2001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wijdicks, E.F. Brain Death / E.F. Wijdicks. – Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams&amp;Wilkins, 2001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yatim A., Mercatello A., Caronel B. et al. 99mTc-HMPAO cerebral scintigraphy in the diagnosis of brain death // Transplant. Proc. – 1991. – Vol. 23, N 5. – P. 2491.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yatim A., Mercatello A., Caronel B. et al. 99mTc-HMPAO cerebral scintigraphy in the diagnosis of brain death // Transplant. Proc. – 1991. – Vol. 23, N 5. – P. 2491.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
