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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transplantologiya</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансплантология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0909</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO Association of Transplantologists</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23873/2074-0506-2023-15-1-23-33</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transplantologiya-742</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вероятность развития несостоятельности трансплантата аллогенных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток в зависимости от генотипа киллерного иммуноглобулиноподобного рецептора реципиента</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Probability of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant failure depending on the recipient's killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genotype</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3009-4744</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масликова</surname><given-names>У. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslikova</surname><given-names>U. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ульяна Владиславовна Масликова, врач-гематолог отделения химиотерапии гемобластозов и  трансплантации костного мозга и гемопоэтических стволовых клеток </p><p>125167, Россия, Москва, Новый Зыковский пр-д, д. 4 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ulyana V. Maslikova Hematologist, Department of Chemotherapy for Hemoblastoses and Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation</p><p> 4 Noviy Zykovskiy Dr., Moscow 125167 Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maslikova.ulyana@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0110-3314</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хамаганова</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khamaganova</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Георгиевна Хамаганова - д-р биол. наук, заведующая лабораторией тканевого типирования  </p><p>125167, Россия, Москва, Новый Зыковский пр-д, д. 4 </p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina G. Khamaganova - Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Tissue Typing Laboratory</p><p> 4 Noviy Zykovskiy Dr., Moscow 125167 Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дроков</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drokov</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Юрьевич Дроков - канд. мед. наук, руководитель сектора научных исследований химиотерапии гемобластозов, депрессий кроветворения и трансплантации  костного мозга </p><p>125167, Россия, Москва, Новый Зыковский пр-д, д. 4 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail Yu. Drokov - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Sector for Scientific Research in Chemoblastosis Chemotherapy</p><p> 4 Noviy Zykovskiy Dr., Moscow 125167 Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Урыбин</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Urybin</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Юрьевич Урыбин - биолог отделения тканевого типирования </p><p>125167, Россия, Москва, Новый Зыковский пр-д, д. 4 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Igor Yu. Urybin - Biologist, of the Tissue Typing Department</p><p> 4 Noviy Zykovskiy Dr., Moscow 125167 Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9372-5400</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михальцова</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhaltsova</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Дмитриевна Михальцова - канд. мед. наук, научный сотрудник сектора научных  исследований химиотерапии гемобластозов, депрессий кроветворения и трансплантации  костного мозга  </p><p>125167, Россия, Москва, Новый Зыковский пр-д, д. 4 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina D. Mikhaltsova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Researcher, Sector for Scientific Research of Chemotherapy for Hemoblastosis, Hematopoietic Depression and Bone Marrow Transplantation</p><p> 4 Noviy Zykovskiy Dr., Moscow 125167 Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6201-6276</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмина</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmina</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лариса Анатольевна Кузьмина - канд. мед. наук, заведующая отделением химиотерапии  гемобластозов и трансплантации костного мозга и  гемопоэтических стволовых клеток </p><p>125167, Россия, Москва, Новый Зыковский пр-д, д. 4 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa A. Kuzmina - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Hemoblastosis Chemotherapy and Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation</p><p> 4 Noviy Zykovskiy Dr., Moscow 125167 Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-3566</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паровичникова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parovichnikova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Николаевна Паровичникова - д-р мед. наук, генеральный директор </p><p>125167, Россия, Москва, Новый Зыковский пр-д, д. 4 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Parovichnikova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Director general </p><p> 4 Noviy Zykovskiy Dr., Moscow 125167 Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ гематологии» МЗ РФ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Hematology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Масликова У.В., Хамаганова Е.Г., Дроков М.Ю., Урыбин И.Ю., Михальцова Е.Д., Кузьмина Л.А., Паровичникова Е.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Масликова У.В., Хамаганова Е.Г., Дроков М.Ю., Урыбин И.Ю., Михальцова Е.Д., Кузьмина Л.А., Паровичникова Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Maslikova U.V., Khamaganova E.G., Drokov M.Y., Urybin I.Y., Mikhaltsova E.D., Kuzmina L.A., Parovichnikova E.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/742">https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/742</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Натуральные киллеры – «первая линия» противоопухолевой и противовирусной защиты в ранние сроки после трансплантации аллогенных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток. Количественные характеристики достигают нормальных значений уже в первый месяц после введения реципиенту стволовых клеток крови. Самотолерантность натуральных киллеров достигается за счет множества рецепторов на их поверхности, но ключевую роль играют киллерные иммуноглобулиноподобные рецепторы. Их роль заключается в распознавании «своих» клеток и блокировке сигналов, направленных на уничтожение собственных клеток. Знание функциональной активности натуральных киллеров привело к изучению влияния несовпадений гена ингибирующего рецептора и лиганда на развитие несостоятельности трансплантата аллогенных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток.Цель. Изучить вероятность развития несостоятельности трансплантата аллогенных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток в зависимости от генотипа киллерного иммуноглобулиноподобного рецептора реципиента.Материал и методы. В исследовании было выполнено генотипирование киллерных иммуноглобулиноподобных рецепторов 66 реципиентам стволовых клеток крови методом полимеразной цепной реакции. В зависимости от генотипа с помощью онлайн-калькулятора рецепторы классифицировали как «наилучший», «лучший» и «нейтральный». Конечной точкой оценки было развитие несостоятельности трансплантата при наличии различных генотипов иммуноглобулиноподобных рецепторов у реципиента. Результаты. По полученным данным, наличие у реципиента «лучшего» и «наилучшего» генотипа киллерных иммуноглобулиноподобных рецепторов статистически значимо повышало риски развития различных форм несостоятельности трансплантата.Заключение. Присутствие генотипа КИР2DL3 у реципиента гемопоэтических стволовых клеток значительно (в 3 раза) уменьшает вероятность развития первичной несостоятельности трансплантата. Указанный результат имеет важное значение в прогностическом плане, хотя в настоящее время путей влияния на него не разработано. Наличие «наилучшего» генотипа киллерных иммуноглобулиноподобных рецепторов у реципиента увеличивает вероятность развития несостоятельности трансплантата более чем в 3 раза по сравнению с лучшим и нейтральным генотипом (44,4% vs 13,4%).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Natural killers are the "first line" of antitumor and antiviral protection in the early stages after аllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Quantitative characteristics reach normal values already in the first month after the infusion of blood stem cells to the recipient. Self-tolerance of natural killers is achieved due to many receptors on their surface, but killer immunoglobulin-like receptors play a key role. Their role is to recognize "self" cells and block signals aimed at destroying their own cells. Knowledge of the functional activity of natural killers urged to studying the impact of mismatches between the inhibitory receptor gene and the ligand on the development of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant failure.The aim of research was to study the probability of the graft failure development in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation depending on the recipient's killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genotype.Material and methods. Genotyping of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors in 66 recipients of blood stem cells by the polymerase chain reaction method was performed in the study. Using an online calculator, receptors were classified as "best", "better" and "neutral" depending on the genotype. The end point of the assessment was the development of graft failure in the presence of different genotypes of immunoglobulin-like receptors in the recipient.Results. According to the data obtained, the presence of the “best” and "better" killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genotype in the recipient significantly increased the risks of developing various forms of graft failure.Conclusion. The presence of the KIR2DL3 genotype in a recipient of hematopoietic stem cells significantly (by 3 times) reduces the likelihood of primary graft failure. This result is of great prognostic significance, although at present no ways of influencing it have been developed. The presence of the “best” killer immunoglobulin-like receptors genotype in the recipient increases the likelihood of developing graft failure by more than 3 times compared to the best and neutral genotype (44.4% vs. 13.4%).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>киллерный иммуноглобулиноподобный рецептор</kwd><kwd>натуральные киллеры</kwd><kwd>трансплантация аллогенных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>несостоятельность трансплантата</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors</kwd><kwd>natural killer</kwd><kwd>stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>graft failure</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Becker PS, Suck G, Nowakowska P, Ullrich E, Seifried E, Bader P, et al. Selection and expansion of natural killer cells for NK cell-based immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2016;65(4):477–484. 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