transplantologiyaТрансплантологияTransplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation2074-05062542-0909IPO Association of Transplantologists10.23873/2074-0506-2023-15-1-89-97transplantologiya-748Research ArticleОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEW ARTICLES AND LECTURESИммунные механизмы в патогенезе острого перитонитаImmune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of acute peritonitis G.V. Bulavahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1244-2135БулаваГ. В.BulavaG. V.

Галина Владимировна Булава, д-р мед. наук, научный консультант лаборатории клинической иммунологии 

129090, Россия, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3 

Galina V. Bulava - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Scientific Consultant, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology

3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090 Russia 

gbulava@mail.ruГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»РоссияN.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency MedicineRussian Federation2023200320231518997Copyright © Булава Г.В., 20232023Булава Г.В.Bulava G.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/748

Острое воспаление брюшины – перитонит – часто развивается после ранения полых внутренних органов, некроза кишечника, несостоятельности анастомоза или опухолевых процессов. Последующее микробное загрязнение брюшной полости приводит к инфекции, в ответ на которую активируются иммунные механизмы. Патогенез воспалительных процессов в брюшной полости и их особенности во многом определены строением и функциональными возможностями брюшины, а также ее тесной связью с сальником. В разрешении перитонита важным моментом является сохранение баланса цитокинов, активности иммуноцитов и комплемента, функционирующих в иммунных лимфоидных скоплениях брюшины и сальника, и их содружественное действие в ходе воспаления. В обзоре представлены данные о строении и функции брюшины и сальника, роли нейтрофильного, макрофагального, лимфоцитарного звеньев иммунной системы, а также про- и противовоспалительных цитокинов и комплемента в развитии и прекращении острого воспаления в брюшной полости.

Acute inflammation of the peritoneum – peritonitis – often develops after injury to hollow visceral organs, intestinal necrosis, failure of anastomosis, or tumor processes. Subsequent microbial contamination of the abdominal cavity leads to infection, in response to which immune mechanisms are activated. The pathogenesis of inflammatory processes in the abdominal cavity and their features are largely determined by the structure and function of the peritoneum, as well as its close connection with the omentum. An important point in resolving peritonitis is to maintain the balance of cytokines, the activity of immunocytes and complement functioning in the immune lymphoid clusters of the peritoneum and omentum, and their collaborative action during inflammation. The review presents data on the structure and function of the peritoneum and omentum, the role of neutrophil, macrophage, lymphocytic links of the immune system, as well as those of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and complement in the development and cessation of acute inflammation in the abdominal cavity.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.