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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transplantologiya</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансплантология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0909</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO Association of Transplantologists</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23873/2074-0506-2023-15-2-238-250</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transplantologiya-777</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Бактериальные осложнения после трансплантации печени. Перспективы дальнейших исследований</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bacterial complications after liver transplantation. Promising directions for further research</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9078-2610</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салимов</surname><given-names>У. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salimov</surname><given-names>U. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Умид Равшанович Салимов, канд. мед. наук, докторант отделения трансплантации 50% – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, первичная статистическая обработка данных, написание текста, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи </p><p>220045, Минск, ул. Семашко, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Umid R. Salimov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Doctoral Researcher of the Transplantation Department, 50%, concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, primary statistical data processing, writing the text, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article </p><p>8 Semashko St., Minsk 220045</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ussalimov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0569-6150</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щерба</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherba</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Евгеньевич Щерба, д-р мед. наук, заместитель директора по хирургии 10% – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи </p><p>220045, Минск, ул. Семашко, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey E. Shcherba, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Director for Surgery, 10%, concept and design of the study, editing, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article </p><p>8 Semashko St., Minsk 220045</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleina@tut.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7023-4767</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Руммо</surname><given-names>О. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rummo</surname><given-names>O. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Олегович Руммо, академик НАН Беларуси, проф., д-р мед. наук, директор,  40% – концепция и дизайн исследования, организационная и научная поддержка на этапах формирования работы, редактирование статьи, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи </p><p>220045, Минск, ул. Семашко, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg O. Rummo, Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus, Prof., Dr. Sci. (Med.), Director 40%, concept and design of the study, organizational and scientific support at the stages of the study conduct, editing the article, approval of the final version of the article </p><p>8 Semashko St., Minsk 220045</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olegrumm@tut.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГУ «МНПЦ хирургии, трансплантологии и гематологии»</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Minsk Scientific and Practical Center of Surgery, Transplantation and Hematology</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>238</fpage><lpage>250</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Салимов У.Р., Щерба А.Е., Руммо О.О., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Салимов У.Р., Щерба А.Е., Руммо О.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Salimov U.R., Shcherba A.E., Rummo O.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/777">https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/777</self-uri><abstract><p>В данной статье представлен обзор современной литературы, посвященный бактериальным осложнениям раннего посттрансплантационного периода и перспективным направлениям изучения бактериальной флоры у пациентов после трансплантации печени. Учитывая сложность и «многогранность» проблемы, целью настоящего обзора литературы выступало обобщение сведений о сохраняющейся актуальности бактериальных осложнений, а также современных и перспективных направлениях их диагностики. В этой связи в работе описываются проблемы возникновения, распространения и патогенеза различных видов бактериальных осложнений, рассмотрены имеющиеся на сегодняшний день концепции влияния различных видов бактериальных осложнений на результаты трансплантации печени. Приведен обзор результатов исследований пациентов с развившейся в  посттрансплантационном периоде вентилятор-ассоциированной пневмонией. Представлен анализ гипотезы развития бактериальных осложнений с позиции микробиомного воздействия на билиарное дерево. Проведен анализ научных работ, основанных на сравнительно новом концептуальном подходе изучения результатов научных исследований с использованием методики машинного обучения. В качестве основных осложнений бактериального характера в данной статье была выбрана так называемая в номенклатуре CDC – «Большая Четверка». Однако катетер-ассоциированные бактериальные осложнения, патогенез развития которых на сегодняшний день является достаточно изученным, были заменены на сравнительно новую группу осложнений – бактериобилию. В статье также приведены собственные краткие статистические данные, собранные в рамках исследования NCT04281797. Собственная когорта состояла из 57 пациентов, перенесших ортотопическую трансплантацию печени от посмертного донора. В нашем исследовании наиболее частным бактериальным осложнением раннего послеоперационного периода была инфекция области хирургического вмешательства. Наиболее частым возбудителем бактериальной инфекции выступала Klebsiella pneumoniae и Enterococcus spp.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article is presented in form of a current literature review on bacterial complications of the early post-liver transplantation period and promising areas for studying the effect of bacterial flora in patients after liver transplantation. The paper describes the problem of the emergence, spread, and pathogenesis of various bacterial complications, as well as current concepts of various bacterial complication’s impact on the results of liver transplantation. The results of ventilatorassociated pneumonia in patients after liver transplantation are given. A theoretical analysis of bacterial complications from the standpoint of microbiota effects on the biliary tree was carried out. The review also highlights a relatively new conceptual approach in examining the results of scientific research using the "Machine Learning Method”. The so-called CDC “Big Four” was chosen as the main infectious nomenclature in this article. However, catheter-associated bacterial complications, which pathogenesis has been sufficiently studied to date, have been replaced by a relatively new group of complications – bacteriobilia. This review also contains a brief statistical data collected in the frames of the NCT04281797 study. Own cohort data consisted of 57 patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation from a post-mortem donor. Surgical site infection was the most common bacterial complication of the early postoperative period. The most common causative agent of bacterial infection was Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterococcus.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация печени</kwd><kwd>бактериальные инфекции</kwd><kwd>пневмония</kwd><kwd>урогенитальная инфекция</kwd><kwd>бактериобилия</kwd><kwd>бактериемия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>liver transplantation</kwd><kwd>bacterial complications</kwd><kwd>pneumonia</kwd><kwd>urogenital infection</kwd><kwd>bacteriobilia</kwd><kwd>bacteremia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Руммо О.О. Трансплантация печени при синдроме портальной гипертензии. Анналы хирургической гепатологии. 2015;20(1):59–65. https://doi.org/10.16931/1995-5464.2015159-65</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rummo OO. Liver transplantation for portal hypertension. 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