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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transplantologiya</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансплантология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0909</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO Association of Transplantologists</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23873/2074-0506-2024-16-2-163-177</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transplantologiya-883</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ТРАНСПЛАНТОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ACTUAL ISSUES OF TRANSPLANTATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Поздняя дисфункция трансплантата печени: определение, факторы риска и исходы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Late liver allograft dysfunction: definition, risk factors and outcomes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4580-278X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малиновская</surname><given-names>Ю. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malinovskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Олеговна Малиновская, канд. мед. наук, научный сотрудник отдела трансплантологии </p><p>129110, Россия, Москва, ул. Щепкина, д. 61/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia O. Malinovskaya, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher of Transplantology Department</p><p>61/2 Shchepkin St., Moscow 129110 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yumalinovskaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4864-1483</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кокина</surname><given-names>К. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kokina</surname><given-names>K. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ксения Юрьевна Кокина, канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела трансплантологии </p><p>129110, Россия, Москва, ул. Щепкина, д. 61/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia Yu. Kokina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher of Transplantology Department</p><p>61/2 Shchepkin St., Moscow 129110 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kseniaur@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-6685</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сумцова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sumtsova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Васильевна Сумцова, младший научный сотрудник отдела трансплантологии </p><p>129110, Россия, Москва, ул. Щепкина, д. 61/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Sumtsova, Junior Researcher of Transplantology Department</p><p>61/2 Shchepkin St., Moscow 129110 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ovmoniki@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6225-5856</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григоревская</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigorevskaya</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Олеговна Григоревская, младший научный сотрудник отдела трансплантологии </p><p>129110, Россия, Москва, ул. Щепкина, д. 61/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna O. Grigorevskaya, Junior Researcher of Transplantology Department</p><p>61/2 Shchepkin St., Moscow 129110 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna_gy@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0002-9183</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мойсюк</surname><given-names>Я. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moysyuk</surname><given-names>Ya. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ян Геннадиевич Мойсюк, проф., д-р мед. наук, руководитель отдела трансплантологии </p><p>129110, Россия, Москва, ул. Щепкина, д. 61/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yan G. Moysyuk, Prof., Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Transplantology</p><p>61/2 Shchepkin St., Moscow 129110 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">moysyuktrans@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО МОНИКИ им. М.Ф. Владимирского<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute n.a. M.F. Vladimirskiy<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>163</fpage><lpage>177</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Малиновская Ю.О., Кокина К.Ю., Сумцова О.В., Григоревская А.О., Мойсюк Я.Г., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Малиновская Ю.О., Кокина К.Ю., Сумцова О.В., Григоревская А.О., Мойсюк Я.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Malinovskaya Y.O., Kokina K.Y., Sumtsova O.V., Grigorevskaya A.O., Moysyuk Y.G.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/883">https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/883</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Нарушение функции пересаженной печени в отдаленные сроки нередко приводит к утрате трансплантатов и смерти реципиентов. Причин развития поздней дисфункции трансплантата и вариантов течения много, а ее общепринятое определение отсутствует. Это препятствует ее своевременной диагностике, анализу распространенности, а также затрудняет сравнение результатов работы программ трансплантации.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Определить клиническое и прогностическое значение поздней дисфункции трансплантата печени.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование включено 103 случая трансплантации трупной печени от доноров с диагнозом смерти мозга 100 реципиентам, из них 36% были мужчинами, возраст на момент пересадки 48 лет (40;56) (18–68), оценка по MELD 17 (14;21)(7–41). Срок наблюдения – 52 месяца (20;77)(8–180). Случаи утраты трансплантата, произошедшие ранее 3 месяцев, в исследование включены не были.</p><p>Определение поздней дисфункции трансплантата печени было сформулировано как нарушение работы пересаженной печени, которое проявляется хотя бы одним из трех нижеследующих признаков и манифестирует в срок более 3 месяцев после трансплантации: 1) повышение уровня в крови аланиновой или аспарагиновой аминотрансфераз и (или) гамма-глутамилтрансферазы, щелочной фосфатазы, билирубина; 2) нарушение синтетической функции (повышение международного нормализованного отношения, снижение содержания в крови антитромбина III, холинэстеразы); 3) осложнения цирроза печени (признаки портальной гипертензии, асцит, энцефалопатия). Диагностическим порогом отклонения лабораторных показателей были выбраны следующие границы: содержание в крови общего билирубина более 2 верхних границ нормы, уровень аланиновой или аспарагиновой аминотрансферазы – более 1,5 верхних границ нормы, гамма-глутамилтрансферазы или щелочной фосфатазы – более 1,5 верхних границ нормы, международное нормализованное отношение – более 1,6.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Поздняя дисфункция диагностирована, по крайней мере, однократно, у 64% реципиентов. В различные сроки доля больных с поздней дисфункцией варьировала от 22% до 40%. Выявлена поздняя дисфункция вирусной (38%) и неясной этиологии (25%), дисфункция в результате билиарных осложнений (19%), иммунной природы (17%) и дисфункция в результате сосудистых осложнений (1%). В 75% (n=57) случаев поздняя дисфункция трансплантата печени носила обратимый характер, в 17% (n=13) – персистирующий, а в 8% (n=6) случаев – прогрессирующий; последний вариант дисфункции привел к утрате трансплантатов во всех наблюдаемых случаях.</p><p>Выявлено, что у реципиентов с поздней дисфункцией трансплантата печени частота ранней дисфункции трансплантата была выше на 33% (ОШ 4,7, 95% ДИ [1,8–12,3]; при формировании холедохоеюноанастомоза частота билиарного варианта дисфункции была выше в 3,1 раза (ОШ 3,9, 95% ДИ [1,1–13,9]; у пациентов с аутоиммунной и холестатической этиологией цирроза печени частота дисфункции иммунной этиологии была выше в 4,8 раза (ОШ 5,8, 95% ДИ [1,7–20,3].</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Прогрессирующий характер течения поздней дисфункции трансплантата печени негативно влияет на результаты трансплантаций и поэтому должен рассматриваться как показание к ретрансплантации. При обратимом и персистирующем вариантах течения поздней дисфункции трансплантата печени прогноз благоприятный. Если этиология поздней дисфункции не установлена, стоит продолжать регулярное наблюдение с мониторингом фиброза и повторные попытки установления диагноза. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Impaired liver transplant function in the long term often leads to graft loss and the recipient death. There are many causes for the development of a late liver allograft dysfunction and different types of its clinical presentation, but there is no generally accepted definition. This hinders its timely diagnosis, analysis of its prevalence, and also makes it difficult to compare the performance of transplantation programs.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To determine the clinical and prognostic value of late liver allograft dysfunction.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 103 cases of cadaveric liver transplantation from donors diagnosed with brain death to 100 recipients, of whom 36% were men, aged 48 years old (40;56) (18–68) at the time of transplant, having MELD score 17 (14;21) (7–41). The follow-up period was 52 months (20;77) (8–180). The cases where the graft loss occurred earlier than 3 months were excluded.</p><p>The late liver allograft dysfunction was defined as a dysfunction of the transplanted liver, which was manifested by at least one of three following signs and occurred at more than 3 months after transplantation: 1) increased aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and/or gamma glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin; 2) impaired synthetic function (increased international normalized ratio, decreased antithrombin III, cholinesterase); 3) liver cirrhosis complications (signs of portal hypertension, ascites, encephalopathy). The following limits were chosen as a diagnostic threshold for laboratory parameter abnormalities: more than 2 upper limits of normal for total bilirubin, more than 1.5 upper limits of normal for the levels of alanine or aspartic aminotransferases, more than 1.5 upper limits of normal for gamma-glutamyltransferase or alkaline phosphatase, more than 1.6 of normal for international normalized ratio.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Late liver allograft dysfunction was diagnosed at least once in 64% of recipients. Through the postoperative course, the proportion of patients with late dysfunction varied from 22% to 40%.  The etiology of late liver allograft dysfunction was viral (38%), unknown (25%), biliary (19%), immune (17%), and vascular (1%). Late liver allograft dysfunction was reversible in 75% of cases, persistent in 17%, progressive in 8% of cases. Progressive late liver allograft dysfunction led to a graft loss in all cases observed.</p><p>Recipients with late liver allograft dysfunction were found to have had a 33% higher incidence of early allograft dysfunction (OR 4.7, 95% CI [1.8–12.3]); the incidence of biliary dysfunction was 3.1 times higher with distant choledochojejunostomy (OR 3.9, 95% CI [1.1–13.9]); in patients with autoimmune and cholestatic disease, the incidence of immune dysfunction was 4.8 times higher (OR 5.8, 95% CI [1.7–20.3]).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The progressive nature of late liver allograft dysfunction negatively affects the results of transplantation and therefore should be considered as an indication for retransplantation. Reversible and persistent variants of late liver allograft dysfunction have favorable) prognosis. If the etiology of late dysfunction is not established, the regular surveillance with monitoring for fibrosis and repeated attempts to clarify the diagnosis should be continued.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация печени</kwd><kwd>дисфункция трансплантата</kwd><kwd>отдаленные результаты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>liver transplantation</kwd><kwd>dysfunction</kwd><kwd>long term outcomes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aberg F, Gissler M, Karlsen TH, Ericzon BG, Foss A, Rasmussen A, et al. Differences in long-term survival among liver transplant recipients and the general population: a population-based Nordic study. Hepatology. 2015;61(2):668–677. 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