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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transplantologiya</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансплантология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0909</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO Association of Transplantologists</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23873/2074-0506-2025-17-1-66-75</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transplantologiya-967</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОПЫТ ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЙ ТРАНСПЛАНТОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIENCE IN PRACTICAL TRANSPLANTOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возбудители гнойно-септических осложнений у пациентов отделения трансплантации печени крупного многопрофильного стационара</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pathogens causing septic complications in patients of the Liver Transplantation Unit in a multidisciplinary hospital</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6167-7117</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черненькая</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernenkaya</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Витальевна Черненькая, канд. мед. наук, заведующая научной лабораторией клинической микробиологии, </p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana V. Chernenkaya, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Research Laboratory for Clinical Microbiology, </p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow, 129090.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chernenkayatv@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7473-8727</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евдокимова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evdokimova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Витальевна Евдокимова, канд. биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической микробиологии, </p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya V. Evdokimova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher of the Laboratory for Clinical Microbiology,</p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow, 129090.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evdokimovanv@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0691-5581</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Олисов</surname><given-names>О. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Olisov</surname><given-names>O. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Даниелович Олисов, д-р мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения трансплантации печени,</p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg D. Olisov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Department for Liver Transplantation,</p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow, 129090.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olisivod@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6362-7914</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новрузбеков</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novruzbekov</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мурад Сафтарович Новрузбеков, д-р мед. наук, заведующий научным отделением трансплантации печени,</p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Murad S. Novruzbekov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Scientific Department for Liver Transplantation, </p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow, 129090.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">novruzbekovms@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Черненькая Т.В., Евдокимова Н.В., Олисов О.Д., Новрузбеков М.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Черненькая Т.В., Евдокимова Н.В., Олисов О.Д., Новрузбеков М.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chernenkaya T.V., Evdokimova N.V., Olisov O.D., Novruzbekov M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/967">https://www.jtransplantologiya.ru/jour/article/view/967</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Несмотря на достижения в области трансплантологии, проблема гнойно-септических инфекций в ней остается весьма насущной. Этому во многом способствует иммунокомпрометированный статус больных, а также постоянный рост числа резистентных штаммов возбудителей гнойно-септических инфекций.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить структуру возбудителей гнойно-септических инфекций и их антибиотикочувствительность у пациентов отделения трансплантации печени ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ».</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведен анализ результатов микробиологического исследования 2324 проб различных видов клинического материала, полученного от 236 больных, находившихся на лечении в институте с 01.01.2023 по 30.06.2024. Всего было выявлено 879 штаммов микроорганизмов. При выделении из крови пациентов штаммов бактерий, устойчивых к карбапенемам, проводили определение генов карбапенемаз иммунохроматографическим методом.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Среди возбудителей гнойно-септических инфекций доля грамотрицательных патогенов составила 54% от общего числа штаммов, грамположительных бактерий – 43%, а дрожжеподобных грибов рода Candida – 3%. Среди грамотрицательных палочек доминировали энтеробактерии. Абсолютным лидером являлись штаммы Klebsiella pneumoniae (33,0% от общего числа). На долю неферментирующих палочек приходилось 11,3% выделенных штаммов. Среди грамотрицательных возбудителей гнойно-септических инфекций преобладали штаммы, резистентные к основным классам антибактериальных препаратов, применяемых в лечебной практике. Доля штаммов K. pneumoniae, устойчивых к амикацину, составила 72,4%, к ципрофлоксацину – 95,5%, к имипенему и меронему – 89,3% и 87,9% соответственно. Среди грамположительной кокковой флоры преобладали коагулазоотрицательные стафилококки (18%) и энтерококки (19,5%), при этом доминировали полирезистентные штаммы. Антистафилококковую активность сохраняли ванкомицин, линезолид и даптомицин. У резистентных к карбапенемам штаммов K. pneumoniae и E. coli, выделенных из крови пациентов, преобладали NDM металлo-бета-лактамазы и сериновые карбапенемазы OXA-48 группы.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Ведущим возбудителем гнойно-септических инфекций среди грамотрицательной микрофлоры является K. pneumoniae, среди грамположительной – коагулазоотрицательные стафилококки и энтерококки. Результаты работы подтверждают общемировую тенденцию роста числа полирезистентных штаммов среди возбудителей гнойно-септических инфекций.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Despite the advances achieved in transplantation, the problem of septic infection in this field still remains crucial. This can largely be attributed to the immunocompromised status of patients, and the constant growth in the number of resistant strains of pathogens causing septic infection.</p><p>The objective of the study was to identify the spectrum of septic infection pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity in patients of the Liver Transplantation Department of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The microbiology study results of 2,324 samples obtained from 236 patients who had been treated from 01.01.2023 to 30.06.2024 were analyzed. A total of 879 strains of microorganisms were isolated. In cases when carbapenem-resistant strains were isolated from the blood of patients, the carbapenemase genes were identified using an immunochromatography method.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Among pathogens, Gram–negative rods accounted for 54% of the total number of strains, Gram–positive bacteria accounted for 43%, yeasts of Candida spp. made 3%. Enterobacterales dominated among Gram-negative bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were the absolute leader (33.0% of the total number of strains). Non-fermenting rods accounted for 11.3% of the isolated strains. Among the Gram-negative pathogens, the prevailing ones were the strains multidrug-resistant to the main classes of antibacterial drugs used in medical practice. Of all K. pneumoniae strains, the percentage of strains resistant to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, and meropenem made 72.4%, 95.5%, 89.3%, and 87.9% respectively. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (18%) and enterococci (19.5%) prevailed among the Gram-positive cocci flora. Vancomycin, linezolid, and daptomycin retained antistaphylococcal effect. In carbapenemresistant K. pneumoniae and E. coli strains isolated from patients' blood, the NDM metallo-beta-lactamases and serine carbapenemases of the OXA-48 group prevailed.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The prevailing pathogens that cause septic infection in patients with surgical diseases of the hepatobiliary zone include K. pneumoniae strains among the Gram-negative microflora, and coagulase-negative staphylococci and enterococci among Gram-positive ones. The study results have confirmed the global trend towards an increase in the number of resistant strains among the pathogens of septic infections.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>возбудители гнойно-септических осложнений</kwd><kwd>антибиотикорезистентность</kwd><kwd>карбапенемазы</kwd><kwd>гепатобилиарная зона</kwd><kwd>трансплантация печени</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pathogens causing septic complications</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd><kwd>carbapenemases</kwd><kwd>hepatobiliary zone</kwd><kwd>liver transplantation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Техника сбора и транспортирования биоматериалов в микробиологические лаборатории: методические указания МУ 4.2.2039-05. Москва; 2005. URL: https://ohranatruda.ru/upload/iblock/b8a/4293758559.pdf [Дата обращения 26 сентября 2024 г.]. 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