Современные материалы для реконструкции костей свода черепа

Введение. Необходимость в проведении краниопластики возникает после удаления костных структур свода черепа. Краниотомия может выполняться как экстренно, в случае повышения внутричерепного давления, так и в плановом порядке при лечении новообразований онкологического генеза или абсцессов. Наличие в течение продолжительного времени обширного костного дефекта является причиной развития синдрома «трепанированного черепа». В настоящее время краниопластику осуществляют материалами синтетического или при- родного происхождения. К синтетическим материалам относят гидроксиапатит, трикальцийфосфат и по- лиметилметакрилат. К природным – ауто-, алло- и ксенотрансплантаты. Основным недостатком костных аутотрансплантатов остается их быстрый лизис. К наиболее перспективному решению данной проблемы может относиться метод лиофилизации с насыщением трансплантата факторами роста, источником которых может служить богатая тромбоцитами аутоплазма. Особо актуальным является разработка способов подготовки и сохранения аутотрансплантата, его модификации с целью повышения остеорепаративных свойств, что позволит вывести метод краниопластики природными трансплантатами на качественно но- вый уровень.

Цель исследования. Объединить актуальные данные и результаты всестороннего анализа преимуществ и недостатков существующих костно-пластических материалов.

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