Диагностика и лечение резистентного асцита у реципиентов печени в раннем посттрансплантационном периоде

Введение. Резистентный асцит после трансплантации печени является относительно редким осложнением. В то же время его наличие существенно влияет на прогноз и качество жизни пациентов. Ранняя диагностика и успешное лечение резистентного асцита могут улучшить отдаленные результаты трансплантации. Однако этиология посттрансплантационного асцита гетерогенна, в связи с чем верификация этиологического фактора и выбор метода лечения в большинстве случаев представляют существенную проблему для клиницистов.

Цель. Представить обзор литературы методов диагностики и лечения резистентного асцита у реципиентов печени в раннем посттрансплантационном периоде.

Материал и методы. Проведен обзор публикаций, посвященных изучению основных причин развития асцита после трансплантации печени, эффективности инструментальных методов диагностики и интервенционных вмешательств у реципиентов печени с резистентным асцитом. Также в статье обсуждаются собственные наблюдения сложных клинических случаев посттрансплантационного асцита.

Выводы. При диагностике этиологического фактора посттрансплантационного асцита необходимо учитывать предоперационный статус пациента, характеристики донорского органа и особенности хирургического вмешательства. В случае отсутствия явных предрасполагающих факторов требуется последовательное обследование пациента для исключения сосудистых, внутрипеченочных и внепеченочных причин асцита. Понимание основных механизмов развития посттрансплантационного асцита и последовательное обследование пациентов может помочь клиницистам при выборе метода лечения.

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