The review reflects the history of pancreas transplantation (PT), which is closely associated with transplantation of other organs. It covers its main stages and calls the names of outstanding surgeons who have made a considerable contribution to the evolution of PT.

The paper describes current ideas on the mechanisms, classification, diagnosis, and treatment of drug-induced liver injuries (DILI). The latter masks all known acute and chronic liver diseases. Drugs are one of the leading causes of fulminant hepatic failure in many countries of the world. Early diagnosis and timely discontinuation of a drug that causes liver damage allow the disease progression to be prevented. The bases of DILD diagnosis are the careful collection of drug history data, the exclusion of other possible causes of liver damage, and the application of diagnostic scales (CIOMS/RUCAM).

The paper describes the experience of the A.N. Bakulev Research Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, in using a Berlin Heart EXCOR extracorporeal heart system (Germany) to treat critical heart failure. Artificial heart ventricles (AHV) were implanted in 8 patients who were waiting for cardiac transplantation and had a limited probability of survival and unoperated defects. The main medical and technical characteristics of the systems and the patient’s clinical status in the preoperative and immediate and late postoperative periods are presented. Indications for and contraindication to implantation of the systems and their possible application modes are considered. Equipment and a procedure for AHV implantation in different positions of afflicted heart bypass are detailed. Approaches to postoperative management and treatment policy for postoperative complications are described in detail.

The data generalized in this review characterize angionephroscintigraphy as a high informative technique for separate quantification of the perfusion, filtration and excretory function of a renal graft that is particularly important to be used for monitoring renal function after allotropic cadaveric kidney transplantation to timely detect complications.

The paper describes current approaches to liver transplantation in children. It gives data on needs for liver transplantation, defines indications for its use, and considers main methods for grafting the liver from a living-related donor, the issues of immunosuppression, and legal and deontological problems. It also presents the results of 31 transplantations of the left lateral section of the liver from a living-related donor, which have been done at the A.A. Shalimov National Institute of Surgery and Transplantology, Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine.

The paper describes the first Russian experience in using an implantable CardioWest TAH-t artificial heart (AH) system (SynCardia, USA) to treat critical heart failure. The AH system was implanted in a 60-year-old female patient with dilated cardiomyopathy, a limited probability of survival, and unoperated defects. The main medical and technical characteristics of the AH system and the patient’s clinical status in the preoperative and immediate and late (up to 238 days) postoperative periods are presented. Indications for and contraindication to implantation of the system and its possible application modes are considered. Equipment and a procedure for AH implantation, approaches to postoperative management, and treatment policy for postoperative complications are described in detail. The application of the AH system permitted the patient to wait for a donor heart. The latter was successfully transplanted in the patient.

The paper describes a case of successful treatment for chronic viral hepatitis C after surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma developing in the presence of evolved compensated hepatic cirrhosis. It also gives current approaches to choosing antiviral therapy and estimates its possibilities in patients with different surgical options for hepatocellular carcinoma.

In terms of complications due to allogeneic blood transfusions, it is necessary to use the latter only in accordance with the strict indications elaborated specifically for each component. When indications for the use of red blood cell-containing media are substantiated, it is essential to take into account not only laboratory data and transfusion trigger compliance, but also the clinical picture of hemic hypoxia. While prescribing fresh frozen plasma, one should be based on laboratory coagulogram readings.

The paper discusses the population’s awareness of transplantation of human organs and tissues. In the authors’ opinion, incorporation of transplantology issues into the training program for students is part of the solution of this problem. It is pointed out that there is a need for postgraduate training in transplantology issues. There are available positive results of the discussion of transplantology problems with the interactive participation of trainees within the framework of a research circles for students. The contribution of organizational measures implemented by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tajikistan and under the guidance of the Abuali ibn Sino Tajik State Medical University is indicated.