Применение мультипотентных мезенхимальных стромальных клеток костного мозга при трансплантации почки

Tрансплантация почки является наиболее эффективным методом лечения терминальной стадии хронической почечной недостаточности, рост заболеваемости которой неизменно наблюдается в последние годы. Несмотря на достижения иммуносупрессивной терапии пациентов с пересаженными органами, сроки функционирования трансплантатов не удается увеличить на протяжении нескольких десятилетий. В качестве средства, способного изменить данную ситуацию, рассматриваются мультипотентные мезенхимальные (стромальные) клетки костного мозга (ММСК КМ). Данная популяция клеток после своего открытия в середине ХХ века продемонстрировала высокий потенциал для терапевтического использования при трансплантации солидных органов как в экспериментальных, так и в ряде клинических исследований. В настоящее время известно, что они, обладая низким уровнем собственной иммуногенности, способны модифицировать иммунный ответ организма реципиента, и, тем самым, оказывать благоприятное влияние на течение послеоперационного периода. Данные эффекты ММСК реализуют, оказывая влияние как на систему врожденного, так и адаптивного иммунитета. Вместе с тем открытыми остаются вопросы оптимальных доз и времени введения ММСК реципиентам. В данной публикации представлен анализ экспериментального и клинического опыта использования ММСК при трансплантации почки.

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