Procalcitonin and c-reactive protein are routine inflammatary markers used in the perioperative period to detect surgical infectious complications. However, a number of studies have demonstrated that these laboratory markers appear less effective in identifying infectious complications in the early postoperative period in patients after liver transplantation, and their predictive power is limited. We hypothesized, that interleukin-6 could be a more reliable and precise marker of the development of infectious complications in this patient population.

The number of patients with severe liver failure awaiting transplantation is increasing steadily. The shortage of donor organs, in turn, leads to long waiting time for liver transplants and increases the likelihood of decompensation and progression of the disease, significantly increasing the proportion of urgent patients on the waiting list for liver transplantation. This article presents a clinical case report of a successful multistage surgical and therapeutic treatment of complications in a patient before and after liver transplantation. In the early postoperative period, the recipient of the liver from a deceased donor underwent the debridement of the aortic root and the aortic valve replacement for the treatment of acute infective endocarditis, with the immunosuppressive therapy being discontinued for 3 weeks without a deterioration of the graft function.

Kidney transplantation is one of the most promising ways to ensure the onset and successful maintenance of pregnancy in patients with end-stage chronic renal disease. A multicomponent drug therapy in such patients creates risks for fetal development, primarily due to the teratogenicity of mTOR receptor inhibitors and mycophenolate. Moreover, the inhibitors of the proliferative signal may have potential drug interactions, which can result in additional complications.
Rhabdomyolysis is one of them. The paper describes the clinical case of an acute episode of reversible rhabdomyolysis in a patient on everolimus therapy.

The search for optimal graft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is going on. The donor site morbidity remains one of the major problems when using autografts. The article provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of using the hamstring tendon autografts for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and the ways of solving the problems associated with using such types of grafts.

Treatment of injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system is directly related to the use of blood products.
Modern life makes it necessary to improve not only the surgical techniques of injury treatment, but also to accelerate tissue regeneration, thereby speeding up the recovery of lost functions in limbs. Advances in transfusion, namely the use of platelet-rich plasma, meet these requirements.

The Review deals with the problem of post-transplant diabetes mellitus as one of the complications after kidney transplantation. The authors have reviewed the clinical and experimental studies, described the mechanisms of immunosuppressive drug effects on carbohydrate metabolism and the risk factors for posttransplant diabetes mellitus and its complications, discussed the main drugs used for the carbohydrate metabolism correction and their mechanisms of action.

The article (the fourth of five) presents the analysis of the 4th and 5th chapters from V.P.Demikhov's monograph "Transplantation of vital organs in experiment" (MedGIz Publisher, Moscow, 1960), where he described his studies of transplantation immunity in originally created models and his use of artificial blood-circulation systems in experimental organ transplantation. It has been shown that V.P.Demikhov changed his views on the tissue biological incompatibility in homoplastic transplants and turned from the Michurin-Pavlov's concepts (1946–1953) to natural-scientific views (1959). Meanwhile, his multiple attempts to study both the morphological and humoral immunological response to transplanted organs did not give conclusive results because of lacking the experience of such studies even in the country's leading scientists and due the imperfection of their techniques. Realizing that the retrieval of a beating heart from a human would have created further problems for its subsequent transplantation, V.P. Demikhov attempted to reanimate human hearts in corpses by means of extracorporeal devices to provide artificial circulation. Methodologically, those devices were based on S.S.Bryukhonenko's research and his "auto-injector" pump modified by V.P.Demikhov. However, by 1960, those studies had not come beyond the experiments.