From 2008 to 2014, 298 patients with traumatic cancellous bone were treated in N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of Moscow Healthcare Department. The bone graft substitutes used were an autograft from the iliac crest, allogenic grafts (non-demineralized cancellous bone, collagen type 1 sponge with bone chips, combined perforated non-dematerialized cancellous bone with collagen type 1 sponge).

Long-term outcomes after allografting did not differ from the outcomes of the treatment with the iliac crest autograft. The allograft of non-demineralized cancellous bone has long-lasting mechanical strength, which in combination with osteosynthesis provides a stable fixation, and early weight bearing. Despite a lower mechanical strength, the collagen
type 1 sponge with bone chips has a more pronounced osteoconductive effect. We have created and applied a combined perforated non-demineralized cancellous bone with collagen type 1 sponge that has good mechanical properties and a pronounced osteoconductive effect.

Purpose: to prove the safety of dexamethasone-free and dexamethasone-loaded intraocular implants in the experiment in vivo. 

Materials and methods. The study included 60 Chinchilla rabbits (120 eyes). In the first series of animals,dexamethasone-free implants were inserted into the anterior chamber of the eye in the rabbits of the 1st group, and into the vitreous cavity in the rabbits of the 2nd group. In the second series, dexamethasone-containing implants were inserted into the anterior chamber of the eye in the rabbits of the 3rd group, and into the vitreous cavity in the rabbits of the 4^th group. The intraocular structures were evaluated by ophthalmologic examinations: slit lamp biomicroscopy, fundus photographic images, electroretinography (ERG) performed before the implantation and in dynamics. In the same time period, the animals were withdrawn from the experiment, the eyes enucleated, and morphological studies performed. 

Results. Being inserted into the anterior chamber of the eyes in the rabbits of the 1st and 3rd group, the implants settled on a surface of an iris, occupied the position in the anterior chamber bottom. The implants were resorbed within 31–33 days. Throughout the whole study period, no intraocular structure abnormalities were identified by the slit lamp biomicroscopy in the rabbits of the 1st and 3rd groups. Morphological studies of the eyes demonstrated no structural abnormalities in the cornea, iris, or the ciliary body, either. While studying the effects of dexamethasone-free and dexamethasone-containing implants on the posterior structural segments of the eyes in the rabbits of the 2nd and 4^th groups immediately after intravitreous implantation, the implants were identified positioned in the anterior third of the vitreous of a rabbit eye. Their gradual resorption took the whole study period. Implants were not identifiable any more in the vitreous body at day 35. No evident abnormalities were seen in the structures of the eye anterior segments, vitreous body, or retina throughout the study period. Histological examination showed no abnormalities of the retinal or other intraocular structures. 

Conclusions: in the experimental study in vivo, the developed implant has proved to be an inert, biocompatible intraocular system for drug delivery and posing no toxic effects on eyeball structures of a rabbit.

The article presents the data on the rates of blood-borne viral infections (BBVI) in potential organ donors and blood donors at the N.V.Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine in the period from 2008 to 2014. Differences in BBVI rates and multidirectional trends in the proportion of infected individuals were seen in different age groups of blood donors and potential organ donors. We analyzed the established algorithm for laboratory testing of potential organ donors for BBVI in the Russian Federation and major risks for BBVI transmission in organ and tissue transplantation. We have shown that the current algorithm of screening for BBVI in organ donors does not detect these infections during
a "window period", nor their occult forms. We studied the causes of occult BBVI forms and their significance for clinical transplantation.

The article reveals some little known facts of emergence the idea, development of the problem, and features of introduction of cadaveric blood transfusion method into clinical practice and the history of its development since the 20-ies of twentieth century to the present.