Rationale. The postoperative ventral hernia is seen in 1.6-34.8% of patients undergoing organ transplantation that determines the urgency of this problem.

The objective was to improve the treatment of patients with postoperative ventral hernia after organ transplantation.

Material and methods. From 2006 to 2017, 36 patients underwent surgery with synthetic material application for postoperative ventral hernias after organ transplantation. There were 15 women (41.7%) and 21 men (58.3 %). The median age was 55 years [44.5; 59]; the median body mass index was 30 kg/m2 [27.1; 33.2].

Results. The postoperative period was uneventful in 13 patients (36.1%). Twenty three patients (63.9%) developed complications of varied severity, including 13 patients (56.5%), in whom the revealed complications were not considered the indications to a targeted therapy (Category I), 3 patients (13.1%) in whom the complications regressed after the drug therapy had been corrected (category II), 7 (30.4%) patients in whom complications were cured using mini-invasive surgical techniques (category IIIa).

Conclusions. The prosthetic hernia repair demonstrated a high efficacy and safety as the treatment for postoperative ventral hernia in patients after solid organ transplantation.

The number of kidney transplants in patients with end-stage chronic renal disease is annually increasing all over the world. But the incidence of abdominal aorta aneurysm in patients with allografted kidney can be assessed from very few published reports. D.C.Cron et al revealed 29 cases of aorta aneurysm among 2133 patients who underwent kidney transplantation, thus the incidence making 1.35%. Surgery for abdominal aorta aneurysm in this patient population still remains a rarity in the practice of a vascular surgeon and so puts a number of fundamental questions for us that do not have ready-published answers. In heterotopic transplantation, the kidney ischemia during aortic cross-clamping is a crucial aspect in the treatment of this patient population, and if underestimated, it can potentially lead to the graft loss. A number of authors do not consider an additional protection of the kidney to be obligatory during the aortic crossclamping, and they believe the surgery can be performed safely for the graft by using a quick suture of the prosthesis. Below we present our clinical case report of the infra-renal aorta aneurysm resection without a graft protection in a patient after heterotopic kidney transplantation.

Congenital hepatic fibrosis is a rare autosomal recessive disease. Only a few such cases have been described worldwide, but the exact incidence of the disease is unknown. The diagnosis is sometimes difficult to establish and one of the main diagnostic method is the histological evaluation. The management and prognosis of congenital hepatic fibrosis is dependent on alimentary tract bleeding secondary to portal hypertension. In late childhood, the abdominal pain, cholangitis, and features of hypersplenism complicate the problem. Herein we present the case report of patient with congenital hepatic fibrosis. Our choice of treatment was the living donor liver transplantation. This procedure is very difficult but it is the only life-saving option for the patients with congenital hepatic fibrosis.

The paper presents the analysis of 5 clinical cases that demonstrate the potential of using organ-saving technologies in surgery of locally advanced retroperitoneal sarcomas. The clinical example shows step by step the technique of organ-preserving surgical intervention: an extended tumour nephrectomy followed by the extracorporeal precise dissection of the kidney from the tumor bulk with inducing a reversible pharmaco-cold ischemia and the isolated kidney autotransplantation into a heterotopic position with regard to intraoperative rapid cytology monitoring results. The article describes the characteristics of anesthesia, the early postoperative period, subsequent rehabilitation, and prophylactic medical screening of this group of patients.

This review focuses on the nutritional status of patients with cystic fibrosis, systematic approach to monitoring and nutritional intervention in undernourished patients, and the maintenance of nutritional status before/after lung transplantation.

Successful kidney transplantation eliminates endocrine and metabolic disorders that predispose to the development of hyperparathyroidism, the complication typical for the chronic kidney disease; but the process of recovery from mineral and bone disorders is slowed down. The highest incidence of post-transplant hyperparathyroidism is recorded in the first postoperative year. The risk factors for its development or persistence include the high blood levels of parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphorus, and/or alkaline phosphatase, a prolonged dialysis therapy, severe hyperparathyroidism in the preoperative period, vitamin D deficiency, a suboptimal transplanted kidney function, and also the recipient's previous history of subtotal or incomplete parathyroidectomy. The characteristic clinical and laboratory signs of posttransplant hyperparathyroidism are bone lesions, kidney graft abnormalities, hypercalcemia, and hypophosphatemia. The diagnostic algorithm includes monitoring the markers of mineral and bone metabolism, determining the bone mineral density, and imaging of thyroid glands. Correction of post-transplant hyperparathyroidism is performed surgically or pharmacologically. The article specifies the indications to, the extent and timing of parathyroidectomy, discusses the use of native vitamin D formulations, its analogues, and calcimimetics.

The article (the second of five) reviews the beginning of the Third Chapter from the monograph by V.P.Demikhov "Transplantation of vital organs in the experiment" (M.: Medgiz Publisher, 1960), the chapter covering the issue of homoplastic organ transplantation. The article discusses the results of V.P. Demikhov's work to create the following models: an additional isolated heart, an additional heart with a lung lobe, and a heart in combination with both lungs. Basing on the generally accepted "critical" timing of grafted transplant rejection onset (7th, 14th, or 21th days), Demikhov regarded the graft survival for longer as the fact of the successful engraftment, and every prolongation of the recipient's life with the donor organ as the win over the nature convinced him of the right path chosen. V.P. Demikhov performed the transplantation of the "heart-lungs" complex to simplify the separate anatomical transplantation of these organs and believed that the improvement of surgical methodology and techniques would enable him to achieve their complete engraftment, aiming at further translation the most successful experimental results from the laboratory into the clinical practice.