Introduction. Currently, the type 2 diabetes mellitus is in the nature of an epidemic of non-infectious etiology. In this regard, the incidence of diabetes mellitus complications, including diabetic nephropathy, which lead to end-stage chronic renal disease, is also increasing. The treatment of type 2 diabetic patients with end-stage chronic renal disease presents significant difficulties, which is associated with an additional risk of developing infectious complications and, as a rule, the presence of concomitant pathology of the cardiovascular system.

Objective. To analyze the results of kidney transplantation in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus in the early postoperative period.

Material and methods. The study is based on a retrospective analysis of the results of 77 kidney transplants ations performed to elderly recipients at N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine in the period from 2015 to 2019. The study group included 22 recipients over 60 years old with type 2 diabetes mellitus, as main or concomitant disease. The comparison group consisted of 55 recipients over 60 years without diabetes.

Results. Survival of recipients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was significantly lower (p = 0.026). So, there were 20 surviving recipients (90.9%) in the group of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 55 (100%) surviving recipients in the group without diabetes. When comparing the kidney graft survival rates in the recipients between the two groups, no statistically significant difference (p = 0.29) was found. The overall graft survival was 77.3% (n = 17) in the group of recipients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 89.1% (n = 49) in the comparison group.

Conclusions. It has been proven that kidney transplant recipients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a significantly lower survival rate after transplantation than recipients without diabetes; and the kidney graft survivals were not significantly different early after transplantation. The recipients did not show differences in the recovery of the transplanted kidney function depending on the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

Introduction. CD3⁺CD4^- CD8^- cells represent one of the subpopulations of T-regulatory lymphocytes. According to literature reports, an increase in the content of graft-infiltrating CD3⁺CD4^- CD8^- T cells was detected in the heart xenograft tissues of an experimental model with a long-term graft survival. The efficacy of CD3⁺CD4^- CD8^- infusion to induce skin graft tolerance was described. Some studies have shown that a decrease in CD3⁺CD4^- CD8^- content in peripheral blood of patients undergoing to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was associated with the development of a graft-versus-host reaction.

Objectives. To study changes in the values of CD3⁺CD4^- CD8^- double-negative T lymphocytes in peripheral blood in kidney transplant recipients.

Material and methods. The study included 165 recipients who underwent kidney transplantation. The creatinine and urea concentrations in blood were determined before surgery, on day 7, and day 360 after transplantation. The content of CD3⁺CD4^- CD8^- lymphocytes was studied before surgery, on the 3rd, 7th, 30th, 90th, 180th and 360th days after surgery. Early graft function was assessed on day 7 after transplantation. The function was defined as a primary one at creatinine levels below 300 μmol/L. The graft dysfunction was defined as creatinine values equal to or greater than 300 μmol/L and the need for dialysis in the first week after surgery. The satisfactory graft function after a year was characterized by the blood creatinine level below 150 μmol/L, absent episodes of graft rejection, and no need for dialysis in the first year of follow-up. There were 4 groups of recipients formed. The first group included patients with the primary graft function and satisfactory late graft function. The second group included patients with the primary function and late graft dysfunction. The third group included patients with the primary dysfunction and late satisfactory function. The fourth group included patients with the primary and late graft dysfunction.

Results. In the first and second groups, there were no significant differences in the blood level of CD3⁺CD4^- CD8^- during the year. After a year, a significant CD3⁺CD4^- CD8^- decrease was noted in the group with late graft dysfunction. A similar tendency was revealed in the third and fourth groups. In the fourth group (with late graft dysfunction), the level of CD3⁺CD4^- CD8^- was significantly lower only after a year of observation compared with the levels in the third group. A negative correlation was noted between the CD3⁺CD4^- CD8^- values and the creatinine and urea levels. Thus, high CD3⁺CD4^- CD8^- values in kidney transplant recipients after a year were associated with a satisfactory graft function.

Conclusions. 1. A stable 1-year satisfactory kidney graft function is characterized by an increase in the blood level of CD3⁺CD4^- CD8^- T lymphocytes. 2. A kidney graft dysfunction in the late post-transplant period is characterized by a decrease in the blood level of CD3⁺CD4^- CD8^- T lymphocytes.

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

The ability to eliminate any form of oxygen debt by transporting oxygen to organs and tissues, by dissolving it in body fluids, brings hyperbaric oxygenation to a new level of application in transplantology. The review discusses the pathophysiological aspects of hyperbaric oxygenation during ischemia and reinfusion, especially when used in transplantology, and also investigations on the use of hyperbaric oxygenation in model experiments and in clinical practice. Analysis of the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygenation therapy at various stages of the transplantation process (preconditioning, donation, organ storage, in the early and late post-transplant periods) allows us to conclude that this method should be more widely involved in transplantation practice.

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

Despite the widespread use of mechanical circulatory support systems, modern optimal drug therapy and various interventional methods of heart transplantation remain the "gold standard" for the treatment of end-stage heart failure patients.

At the same time the required number of heart transplants is significantly increasing due to the progressively increasing number of patients needing transplants and the actual donor pool. In recent years there has been a trend towards the increase in the number of recipients and the decrease in the number of donor organs. However, the use of donor hearts with pathological changes, including left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy, remains a controversial topic. It is believed that the use of expanded criteria significantly increases the risk of graft failure in the post-transplant period and leads to deterioration of immediate and long-term results. This work aimed to analyze the data on using donor hearts with left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy for allotransplantation.

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

Cardiac complications are currently the leading cause of early mortality following liver transplantation. Guidelines for the cardiac workup prior liver transplantation are limited. In this review we are discussing commonly modalities used for cardiovascular evaluation of liver transplant candidates.

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

The article has discussed V.P. Demikhov's views on a homoplastic transplantation of tissues and organs in 1963 and his achievements in experimental transplantation by that time. The authors first translated the monograph Die experimentelle Transplantation lebenswichtiger Organe (1963) from German into Russian and presented V.P. Demikhov's Preface to it. In this text, having critically analyzed the current provisions in the field of immunobiology, V.P. Demikhov came to the conclusion that a number of his achievements contradicted those provisions and did not fit into the framework of existing immunobiological laws. In 1963, confessing the primacy of function over structure, V.P. Demikhov believed that the restoration of blood circulation in transplanted organs played the main role in their survival, and the subsequent functioning of the transplanted organ for a long time meant its engraftment. In this text V.P. Demikhov for the first time substantiated the model of a “physiological organism” he had invented for reviving a human in a state of agony, for creating a bank of organs, growing it in infants and rejuvenating the elderly.

Authors declare no conflict of interest.